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Paleontologists recently discovered teeth from several woolly mammoths on an isolated Arctic island where no mammoth fossils had previously been found. ███ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██ ███████ ████ █████ ███████ █████ ████ ████ ████ █████ ██████████ ███ ████ ███ ███████ █████ ███████ ██████ ██████████ ████████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ██████████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ████████████ ██████ ████████ ████ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ███████ ██ ███████ ████ █████ ████ █████ ██████████
Summary
The author concludes that woolly mammoths that lived on the Arctic island were smaller on average than those that lived elsewhere. She supports this by noting that adult mammoth teeth found on the island were, on average, 25% smaller than those found elsewhere.
Missing Connection
The author concludes that mammoths on the island were smaller based on the fact that their teeth were smaller. However, she never established any connection between the size of a mammoth’s teeth and the overall size of a mammoth. To guarantee her conclusion, the author must assume mammoths’ tooth size is proportional to their overall size.
22.
Which one of the following, ██ ████████ █████ █████ ███ ██████████ ██ ██ ████████ ██████
a
Neither tooth size ███ ███████ ████ ████ ██ ██████████ ███████ █████ █████ ███████ ██ ████ ████████ █████████ ██████ █████████
b
The tooth wear ████ █████████ ██████ ██ ████ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ █████ █████ █████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ █ ███████████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ █████ ██████ ████████ ██ ████ █████
c
Unusually small mammoth █████ █████ ██ █████████ █████ ████ ███ ██████ ████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ████████ ████████ ██████ ████ █████ █████████
d
Tooth size among █████ ██████ ████████ ███ ██████ ████████ ████████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██ █████ █████████
e
Woolly mammoths of ███ ████ ████ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ████ ██████ ███ ███████ ██ █████ ██ ████████ ████ █████ █████████ ████