Self-study
Scientist: In our study, chemical R did not cause cancer in laboratory rats. ███ ██ ██████ ████████ ████ ████ ████ ████████ █ ██ ████ ███ ███████ █████ ████ ████ ██████████ █████ ██ ██ ████████████ ██ ██████ █████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ████ ██ ████████ ███████ ████ ███████████ █████ ██████ ████ ███ █████████ ████████ ███ ████ ███ █████ ██████
Summarize Argument
The fact that chemical R did not cause cancer in rats does not mean chemical R is safe for humans. Many substances cause cancer in humans but not rats. This likely because some substances cause cancer through long term exposure and rats live short lives.
Identify Argument Part
This is context that sets up the argument. The conclusion refers to this context when it says: we cannot conclude from “this.” The stimulus is arguing that this piece of information is not enough to draw a conclusion.
7.
Which one of the following ████ █████████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████████ ████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ████████ █ ███ ███ █████ ██████ ██ ██████████ █████
a
It is cited ██ ████████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████████ █ ██ ████ ███ ███████
It is not evidence, and no conclusion is being drawn that chemical R is safe.
b
It is advanced ██ ███████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████ ███████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ████ ██████ ██ ████████████ ██ ███████
This is not used to support that extrapolation cannot occur, or anything else. We are told that this information is not sufficient to draw a conclusion about humans.
c
It illustrates the █████ ████ ████ ███ ███ █████ █████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ████ ████████ ███ ███ ████████████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ██████ ███ ███████████ ████████
While this describes a feature in the later part of the argument, the text in question does not illustrate this claim. It is just context.
d
It is used ██ ████████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████████ █ ██████ ██████ ██ ██████ ███ █████████ █████████
The conclusion being drawn is that this statement is not enough to say the chemical is safe for humans. No hypotheses are formed about how chemical R might cause cancer.
e
It is cited ██ █████ ████████████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████████ ████ ████████ █ ██ ████ ███ ███████
The conclusion is that “we cannot conclude from this (the text in question) that chemical R is safe for humans.” The argument tells us that this statement is not enough to draw that conclusion.