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According to the "bottom-up" theory of how ecosystems are structured, the availability of edible plants is what primarily determines an ecosystem's characteristics since it determines how many herbivores the ecosystem can support, which in turn determines how many predators it can support. ████ ██████ ████ █████ ████ █ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ███ ██████████
Summarize Argument: Phenomenon-Hypothesis
There isn't an argument presented here with premises and conclusion. We're just told two claims made by the bottom-up theory makes. First, ecosystems are primarily determined by how many edible plants they can support, since edible plants support herbivores, which in turn support predators. Second, reducing the number of predators will have little impact on an ecosystem.
Notable Assumptions
The bottom-up theory assumes that even if the number of predators go down, the number of herbivores won't go up to a point where they overeat the edible plants and cause the ecosystem to collapse. In other words, the theory assumes that the number of edible plants determines the number of herbivores, but that the number of herbivores doesn't necessarily have an effect on the number of edible plants. The direction of causality only goes one way: plants affect herbivores, which affect predators, and not the other way around.
8.
Which one of the following, ██ █████ █████ ███████ ████████ ███████ ███ █████████ ███████
a
In an effort ██ █████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ █ ████ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████ ███████ ███████ ████ ████ ██ ████ ███ ████████ ████ ███ █████ ████████ ███ ██████ ██████ ███████ ███ █████ ██ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ████ ████ ██████ ████████
b
After hunting virtually ██████████ █████████ ██ ████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ ████ █████████ ███████ █████████ ████ ████ ████████ ███████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ██ ████████████ ████████
c
After many of ███ █████ ██ ██████ ██████ ████ ████████ ███ ████████ ███████████ █████ █████ ███████ █ ████████ ██████████ ███████████ █ ███████████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ██ ███ ███ ████████ ██████████
d
After a new ███████ ██ ████ ███ ██████████ ██ ██████ ███████ ██████ █████ ████ ██████ ███████████ ████████ ████ ███ ███ ██████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ██████ ██████ █████ ████ ████ ███████ ██ █ ████ ██ ███ ███ █████
e
Plants that are █ ███████ ██████ ██ ████ ████ ██ █████ ██████ ████ ██████████ ████ ███ ████ █████ ████████ ███ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ████ ███ ███ ███████ ████ ██ █████ ██ █████████ ████████