PT134.S3.Q4

PrepTest 134 - Section 3 - Question 4

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Journalist: A manufacturers' trade group that has long kept its membership list secret inadvertently sent me a document listing hundreds of manufacturing companies. █ ██████████████ ██ ███ █████ █████ █████ █████████ ████ █████ ███████ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ ████ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ███████ █████ ██████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ██ █████████ ███ █ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ██████

Summarize Argument

The author concludes that Bruch Industries isn’t a member of the trade group. This is based on the fact that every company listed in a particular document belongs to the trade group, and Bruch Industries isn’t listed in that document.

Identify and Describe Flaw

The author confuses a sufficient condition for being in the trade group with a necessary condition. Being on the list is sufficient to know that a company is in the trade group, because every company listed is a member of the trade group. But that doesn’t mean being on the list is required to be a member. It’s possible for a company to be a member even if it’s not on the list. In other words, “Every company on the list is in the group” does not imply “every company in the group is on the list.”

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4.

The journalist's reasoning in the ████████ ██ ██████ ██ ████ ███ ██████████

a

gives no reason ██ █████ ████ █████ ██████████ █████ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ███ █████ █████

b

does not present ███ ████████ ████ ███ ████████ █████ █████ ██████ ██ ███ █████ █████

c

does not explain ███ ██ ██ ████ ███ █████ █████ █████ ████ █████████████ ████ ███ █ ██████ ████████

d

presents no reason ███ █████ ██████████ █████ ███ ████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ █████ ██ ██ █████

e

takes for granted ███ ████████ ██ █ █████████ ██ █ ██████████████ ███ ███ █ ██████ ██ ████████ ███████████

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