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passage 1
P1
Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as .
Problem ·
Most effective way to deter deliberate crimes
One side's position ·
Crimes a product of societal norms and institutions
That side's solution ·
Change attitudes, improve economic opportunity, rehabilitate
Other side's position ·
Crimes a product of individual choice
Other side's solution ·
More penalties
Author's solution ·
The two positions above are complementary, not opposed
P2
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Explain author's solution ·
Principle of utility maximization
Decision to commit a crime is an economic decision that weighs the likely benefits ("utilities") of different actions
P3
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Application of principle ·
to problem of crime deterrence
A person commits a crime when that person believes the benefits outweigh the risks
Elaborate on author's solution ·
Combine penalties with improved economic opportunity
More penalties increase the risks of committing a crime. Improved economic opportunity decreases the benefits of committing a crime (as compared to law-abiding activities).
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
5.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ ████████
a
Two sides of █ ██████ ███ █████████ ███ █ ███████ █████████ ██ ████ ██ ███████ ███ ████████ ███████ █████
b
Two sides of █ ██████ ███ █████████ ███ ██ ████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ███████ █████
c
Two beliefs are █████████ ███ █ █████████ ██ ██████████ ██ █████████ █████
d
A general principle ██ █████████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ██ ███████ █ ████████
e
A general principle ██ █████████ ███ ████ ██ █████████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ███ █████ ██ █ ███████