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Graham: The defeat of the world's chess champion by a computer shows that any type of human intellectual activity governed by fixed principles can be mastered by machines and thus that a truly intelligent machine will inevitably be devised.
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Speaker 1 Summary
Graham claims that it’s inevitable that humans will invent a truly intelligent machine. How do we know? Because the world chess champion was recently beaten by a computer. According to Graham, this means that computers can master any kind of principle-based intellectual activity (which Graham assumes means that machine intelligence is coming).
Speaker 2 Summary
Adelaide comes to the implied conclusion that the chess example doesn’t actually mean that AI is imminent. This is because the computer’s chess skill was just an extension of its programmers, who were able to accurately program the rules of chess. Thus, it doesn’t follow that computers can necessarily master all other sorts of activities.
Objective
We’re looking for a disagreement. Graham and Adelaide disagree on whether this chess victory shows the computer’s ability to learn intellectual activities.
25.
The statements above provide the ████ ███████ ███ ███████ ████ ██████ ███ ████████ ████████ █████ ███████
a
chess is the ████ ███████ ██ █ █████ ████████████ ████████ ████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ██████████
b
chess is a ███████ ███████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ████████████ ██████████ ██ █████ █████ ██████ ██████████████████ ██████
c
a computer's defeat ██ █ █████ █████ ██████ ██ ██ ██████████████ ████ ██████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███ ████████
d
intelligence can be ████████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ██████ ████ █████ ██████████
e
tools can be ████████ ██ ███ ██ ███ █████ ████████ ████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ██████████