David Warsh's book describes a great contradiction inherent in economic theory since 1776, when Adam Smith published . βββ ββββββ ββ ββββββββ βββββ βββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ βββββββ βββ βββ βββββββ βββ βββ βββββββββ βββββ
βββββ βββ βββββββ ββ β βββ ββββββββ βββββ ββββββββββ βββ ββββ βββββββββ ββ ββββββββββ ββββ βββββ ββ ββββββββ βββββββ βββββββββ βββββ βββ βββ βββββββββ ββββββββββ ββ ββββββββββββ ββ ββββββ ββββββ βββββββ βββ ββββ ββββ ββββ βββββ ββ ββββ ββββββ ββββββββββββββ βββ
βββββ βββ βββββββββ ββββββββ βββ βββββββ ββ ββββ ββββββ βββ βββββββ ββ βββ βββ βββββββ ββββ ββββ βββββ βββ ββββββββββ βββββββ ββ βββββββββββ ββββββ βββ βββ ββββββββ βββ ββββ βββββββββββ βββ βββββββ βββ βββ βββ βββββββββ βββ ββββ ββββ βββ βββββββ βββ βββββββ βββ βββββββ βββ ββββββββββ βββββββ ββββββ β βββββββ ββββββββ ββββββ βββββββββ βββββββ β βββββ ββββββββ βββ βββββββ ββββββ βββββ βββ βββββ βββββ βββββ ββββ β βββββ βββββββββ ββ βββββ ββββββββββ ββββββββ ββββββ βββββ ββββ ββ βββββ βββββββ βββββ βββ ββ βββββββββ βββββ ββββ ββββββββ ββ βββββββββ ββ ββββ β βββ ββββββββ βββ βββ βββ βββββββββ ββββ ββ ββββ βββββββββ βββββ ββββ ββ ββββ βββββββββββ ββ ββββ βββββββββ ββ ββββ ββββββ βββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββββ βββ
βββ ββββββ βββ ββββββββββ βββ ββββββββββ ββ βββββββββββ βββββββ βββββββββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββββ βββ βββ βββββββ ββββββββββββββ ββββ ββ βββββ βββββββββ ββ ββββββ βββββ βββββββββ ββ βββ βββββ βββββββββ βββ ββββ ββ βββββ ββββββββββββ βββββββββββ βββββββββ βββ ββββββ βββ ββββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββββββββββ ββββ ββββββ ββββββ βββ βββββ βββ βββββββ ββββ βββββ ββββ ββββββββββββ βββββ βββββ βββββ βββββββ βββ ββββββββββ βββ βββ βββββββββ ββ βββββββββββ βββββββ ββββ ββββββββββ βββββββ ββ βββββββ ββββββββββ βββββ βββββ ββ ββββββββββ βββββββββββββ βββ βββββββββββββ βββββββββββ ββββ ββ βββββββββ βββββββββββββββ
ββββ ββββββββββ βββββ ββββββββββ ββ βββββ βββ βββ βββββββ ββββ βββ ββββββββββ ββ ββββββββ βββββββ ββ βββββββ βββ ββββ ββββ ββββββββββ βββββββ βββββββββ βββββββββββββ ββββ ββββββββββββ ββββ ββ
Which one of the following ββββ ββββββββββ βββββββββ βββ ββββ βββββ ββ βββ ββββββββ
Mainstream economists have ββββββ βββββββ ββββ βββββββ ββ βββββ βββ βββββββββ ββββββββββ ββββββ ββββ βββββββββββ
Actually, P4 tells us that economists had always assumed that returns to scale were generally diminishing. In any case, even if (A) were supported it would be too narrow, as the assumption of economists is just one part of the story underlying how the Pin Factory came into the mainstream of economic thought.
The functioning of βββ βββββββββ ββββ ββ ββββββββ βββββββββ βββββββ βββββββββββ βββββββ βββ ββ βββββββββ ββββ ββββββββββββ ββββββ
This is too narrow, as the reason the Invisible Hand was accepted is just one part of the story underlying how the Pin Factory came into the mainstream of economic thought.
Recent developments in βββββββββββ ββββ βββββββ βββ βββ βββββββ ββ ββ βββββββ ββββ ββββ ββββββββββ ββββ βββ βββββββββ βββββ
The author never indicates that we can now model the Pin Factory βeven more rigorouslyβ than the Invisible Hand.
Adam Smith was βββ βββββ βββββββββ ββ ββββββββββ βββ β ββββββ βββββββ βββ ββββββ ββββββββββ βββββββββββββ ββ βββββ βββ ββββββ βββββ
The main point isnβt about Adam Smithβs understanding about the market economy and self interest. Itβs about how the concept of the Pin Factory came into the mainstream of economic thought.
Economists have, until ββββββββ βββββββββ ββββββ ββ βββββββ βββ βββ ββββββββββ βββββββ ββ βββββ ββββββ ββ ββββ βββββββββββ
This is the best answer. The βincreasing returns to scaleβ refers to the Pin Factory concept. And the passage discusses how it was only recently that the Pin Factory has emerged in mainstream economic thought.
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