Self-study
P1
Having spent several decades trying to eliminate the unself-conscious "colonial gaze" characteristic of so many early ethnographic films, visual anthropologists from the industrialized West who study indigenous cultures are presently struggling with an even more profound transformation of their discipline. ███████ ███████████ █████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ ███ ██████ ████ ██████████ ███████ ███ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████████████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ████████ █████ ███ █████████ ████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██████ ███████ ███████████████ ███████ ██ ███████ ████████
Potential problem ·
Indigenous peoples are documenting their own cultures using video equipment
Will this bring back something similar to the "colonial gaze" that plagued early ethnographic films?
P2
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Weiner's perspective ·
Video technology spreads Western values and damages indigenous cultural identity
P3
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Ginsburg's perspective ·
Indigenous people can use Western media without being dominated by Western culture
Although using Western objects will have an effect on culture, that doesn't mean using cameras will automatically turn indigenous people into Westerners. Cameras can even benefit indigenous cultures by strengthening native languages and traditions.
P4
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Author's support of Ginsburg ·
Turner's work in Brazil supports Ginsburg
Details of Turner's findings ·
Kayapo's use of video integrates with Kayapo culture
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
1.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ ███ ██████████ ██████████ ███ ████████
a
Some anthropologists argue ████ ███ █████████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███ ████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██ █ ███████ ████████ █████ ██ █████████ ███ ████████████████
(A) only captures Weiner’s view, but leaves out the author’s support of Ginsburg’s view. So, this can’t be the main point.
b
By making video ██████████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ██████████ ███ ██████ ███████████████ ████ █████████ ██ ███████████ ███ █████████ █████ ████ ████ █████ ████████████ █████ ██████████
(B) completely fails to capture the author’s support for Ginsburg’s view. It’s also unsupported. The passage never suggests that anthropologists have “succeeded” in eliminating the “colonial gaze” aspect of films. The first line of the first paragraph only states that anthropologists have been “trying” to eliminate that aspect.
c
Anthropologists are divided ██ █████ ███████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ███ █████ ██ ████ ████████ ████ █████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ███ ████████████ ██ ██████████ █████████
This accurately captures the author’s point that Turner’s study provides support to Ginsburg’s view. The other part of (C) – “Anthropologists are divided in their assessments of the impact of video technology on indigenous peoples” – is also accurate and summarizes the first three paragraphs.
d
Some anthropologists argue ████ ███ █████████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ████████████ ██████████ ████████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████████ ███ ███ █████████ ██████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██ █████ ████████
(D) only captures part of Ginsburg’s view, but leaves out the author’s support of Ginsburg. We might also eliminate (D) because the last part, which states the “long-term impact of video technology on indigenous cultures is still unknown,” is not stated or strongly supported.
e
The Kayapo people's ███ ██ █████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███████████████ ███████ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ █████████████ ██ ███████ █████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ █████████
(E) states that the Kayapo people’s use of technology “validates” Ginsburg’s position. However, that overshoots what the author actually says. The author only says that the Kayapo people’s use of technology (as described in Turner’s study) “lends credence to” Ginsburg’s position. Lending credence simply means to make something more credible. But that’s different from claiming that Ginsburg’s position is validated, which means proven correct. (E) is also worse than (C) because it doesn’t summarize the debate in the first three paragraphs, which makes it a less complete summary of the “passage.”