Self-study
P1
Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. ███
Intro topic ·
Wampum was a form of communication among Haudenosaune
Wampum = bead carved from seashell; Haudenosaune = group of Native American nations in North America also called Iroquois
Traditional perspective ·
Wampum was primarily form of money
Author's perspective ·
Wampum eventually was used as money between Europeans and Native Americans, but it was more important for communication of sociopolitical messages
P2
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Earlier forms of Wampum ·
Used for communication with deities or simple political messages
Two colors: white and deep purple. Two forms: loose beads or string of beads.
P3
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Haudenosaune Confederacy and influence on Wampum ·
Formation of confederacy led to deliberate use of Wampum for primarily political purposes
Wampum belts ·
Combined string wampum to make icons that communicated messages
Example uses: encoded provisions of Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution; recorded, stored, and made public record of government business.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Spotlight
15.
The fishing practice mentioned in ███ ██████ █████████ ██ ███████ █████████ ██ ██ ████████ ██
a
a type of █████████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ███ ███ ██ ██████
It’s not clear how throwing beads into the water is a kind of knowledge.
b
a traditional practice ████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ ████ █████████
The author never suggests that the practice of throwing beads into the water was altered by contact with Europeans.
c
an activity that ███ █████████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████████████ ███████████
The Haudenosaune Confederacy isn’t discussed in connection with the practice of throwing beads into the water.
d
a practice that ████ ██████████ ███████ ██ ██ ████████ ██████
The author never suggests that studying wampum helped historians learn about the practice of throwing beads into the water.
e
a traditional practice ████ ████████ █ █████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████ ████
Throwing beads into the water was one use in the early stage of the evolution of wampum. P2 describes early uses, and this fishing practice is one of the examples of an early use.