Self-study
Linguist: Support Three of the four subfamilies of the so-called "Austronesian" languages are found only among indigenous peoples in Taiwan, whereas the fourth is found on islands over a huge area stretching from Madagascar to the eastern Pacific Ocean. █████ █████ ███████████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ █████ ████ ████ ████ ██████████ ██████ ██ █ ██████ ██████████ █████████ █████ █████ ███████ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ████████████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ███████ ████ ██████ ████ █████████████████████ ███████ ██████████ ██ ██████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ █████ ████████
Summarize Argument
The linguist concludes that Austronesian-speaking peoples originated in Taiwan before migrating elsewhere. This is because Austronesian languages must all have one point of geographic and linguistic origin. Three out of four Austronesian subfamilies are only spoken in Taiwan, and all subfamilies must have the same origin. From this, the linguist infers that Taiwan is where Austronesian languages have been spoken the longest, which leads to the main conclusion.
Identify Conclusion
The conclusion is where Austronesian-speaking peoples originated: “Austronesian-speaking peoples originated in Taiwan and later migrated to other islands.”
11.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ███████ ██████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████████
a
The Austronesian family ██ █████████ ███ ████ ████████████ █████ ██ █████ ███ █████ ████ █████ ██████████ ███████ ██ ███████
There’s no support for this statement, so it can’t be a conclusion. Instead, it's stated as a factual premise.
b
Wherever most subfamilies ██ ███ ████████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ███████ ██ ████████ ███ ████████ █████ ████████████ █████████ ███████████
This is an implied premise which, along with the premise that Taiwan is probably the where Austronesian languages have been spoken the longest, helps to support the conclusion that Austronesian-speaking peoples likely migrated from Taiwan.
c
Taiwan is probably ███ ████████ █████ ████████████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ████████
This answer is a sub-conclusion, not the main conclusion, because it further contributes to the main conclusion that Austronesian-speaking peoples likely originated in Taiwan.
d
Austronesian-speaking peoples originated ██ ███ ████████ █████ ████████████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████ ████████
This is an implicit premise that supports the conclusion. According to the linguist, Taiwan is probably where Austronesian languages have been spoken the longest, so this supports the main conclusion that Taiwan is probably where Austronesian-speaking peoples originated.
e
Austronesian-speaking peoples probably ██████████ ██ ██████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ █████ ████████
The linguist's argument leads to the conclusion that Taiwan is the likely origin of Austronesian-speaking peoples. This is supported by the premises stated in the argument, and does not itself support any other statement, making it the main conclusion.