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passage 2
This passage was adapted from an article written by three economists.
P1
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Phenomenon ·
The Great Migration
Between 1915 and 1960, 40% of African Americans migrated north.
3 Historical Causes ·
WWI increased labor demand in North while cuting off European immigration; infestation ruined crops in South reducing labor demand there
This is what kicked off the Great Migration.
P2
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Question ·
But why did it continue?
And accelerate when the initial causes started to disappear?
P3
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Hypothesis ·
Migration develops its own momentum
Migration encourages future migration by making it easier to migrate.
Rule Premise ·
Economists' cost-benefit rule for migration
People migrate if earnings are high enough to offset the costs of moving.
Premise ·
Cost of migration: uncertainty; travel; settling in
Three costs of migration: 1. uncertainty about housing and labor-market conditions; 2. cost of time and money of moving; 3. settling in
P4
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Premise ·
All three costs were reduced for later migrants
Previous migrants could pass information to reduce uncertainty and help new migrants settle in. New migrants could travel with previous migrants to reduce the cost of moving.
Premise ·
Previous migrants further reduced costs
Previous migrants also provided new migrants with temporary housing, food, and credit. Also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants.
Passage Style
Phenomenon-hypothesis
Single position
9.
The third and fourth paragraphs ██ ███ ███████ ████████ █████████ ██
a
cast doubt upon █ ██████████ ███████████ █████████ ██ ███ █████ █████████
b
survey the repercussions ██ █ ██████████ █████ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ██████████
c
derive a historical █████ ████ ████████ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ██████████
d
answer a question ██████ ██ ███ ██████ █████████ █████ █ ██████████ █████
e
provide additional evidence ███ ██████████ ██████ ████ ██ ███ █████ █████████