Self-study
Among the many temptations of the digital age, manipulation of photographs has proved particularly troublesome for science. █████████ █ ███████ ██ ████████ ███████ █████ █████ █ ████████ ████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████ ██████ █████████ █████ ████ ████████ ███ ████████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ██████ ██ ███████ ███ █████████ ███████ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ███████████ ██ ████ ████ ████████ ███ █████████ ███████████ ████████ ██████████ █████ ██ █ ██████████ ███████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ██ ████ ████████
Summary
Scientific fraud is a big concern for a particular journal, because dozens of authors have submitted photos in violation of the journal’s guidelines.
Notable Assumptions
There are a few gaps here. Among them:
1) We know that the photos violated the guidelines, but in what way? Violating the guidelines (which we know nothing about) doesn’t necessarily mean it was fraud.
2) Fraud is an intentional lie. We don’t know that these authors had any idea that the photos were manipulated.
Analysis by TiaraLaulusa
15.
Which one of the following ██ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██ ███ █████████
a
The scientists who █████████ ███████████ ██████ ████ █████ ████ ███ ███████ ████ ████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████████
b
The journal requires ████ ███ ████████ █████████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ███████ ███████
c
Scientific fraud is ████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ████████ ███████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ███████ ███████
d
Many of the ██████████ ███ █████████ ████████ ████ ███████████ ██████ ███ ██ ██ █████ ██ ████████████ ███ ███████████ ████████ ██ █████ ███████
e
Scientific fraud is █ ██████████ ███████ ████ █████ ██████████ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████ ████████