PT148.S4.Q4 > Analytics

SECTION 1 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 2 · rc

PASSAGE 1

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6

PASSAGE 2

Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13

PASSAGE 3

Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19

PASSAGE 4

Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

SECTION 3 · lr

SECTION 4 · lr

The ecologist hypothesizes that the reason male starlings use aromatic plants in their nests is to attract females, contrary to previous hypotheses that the plants protected nestlings from parasites. This is based on the observation that these males only incorporate these aromatic plants before egg-laying begins, and stop adding them to nests when egg-laying begins.

The ecologist assumes that there is not an alternate explanation for the male starlings only incorporating the aromatic plants before egg-laying.

The ecologist also assumes that aromatic plants incorporated before egg-laying couldn’t kill parasitic insects over an extended time period, and thus still protect nestlings.

This is irrelevant, since the effect of parasitic insects on adults is not discussed in the argument. We only care about parasites’ potential harmful effect on nestlings and whether the aromatic plants function to counteract that harm.

This weakens by providing more evidence that these decorations do have to do with parasitic insects after all, if they are only used in nests in areas where parasitic insects are a threat.

This seems to weaken by suggesting an alternate explanation for the incorporation of aromatic plants in nests: to help nestlings grow faster. It’s still not clear whether it makes a difference when the decoration occurs, but this certainly doesn’t strengthen.

This strengthens by providing direct evidence in support of the ecologist’s hypothesis: males increasing the use of aromatic plants when females are nearby is consistent with those plants functioning to attract females.

This doesn’t affect the ecologist’s hypothesis, since the argument has nothing to do with whether the aromatic plants are harmful to nestlings.

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