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Researchers examined 100 people suffering from herniated disks in their backs. ████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ██ ████ █ ██████ ██ █ ██████████ █████ ███ ███████████ ████ ████████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ██ ████████ ████ ███ █████ ██ █████ ██████ ████ ███ ███ ███████ ███████ ████ █████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██████
Summarize Argument: Phenomenon-Hypothesis
The researchers hypothesize a person with the genetic defect is more likely to have a herniated disk. Why? Because 5 of 100 people with herniated disks had the defect, while 0 of 100 people without herniated disks had the defect.
Notable Assumptions
The researchers assume the correlation they found is explained by a causal relationship—that the genetic defect causes an increased likelihood of suffering a herniated disk. This means assuming no other causal relationship explains the phenomenon. It also means assuming their samples were representative of the general population.
5.
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a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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