Self-study
P1
The novelist and social theorist Charlotte Perkins Gilman, whose writings were widely read and discussed in the early twentieth century, played an important role in the debate about the theories of Charles Darwin and their application to society. ████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ███ ███ ████████ █████ ██ ██████ █████████ ███ ███████ █████████████ ██████████ ███ █████ ██ ███████ █████████ ████ ██████ ████████ ███ ██████ █████ █████ ███████████████ ███
Intro topic ·
Novelist and social theorist Charlotte Gilman
Played important role in debate about application of Darwin's theories to society.
First group ·
One group of Social Darwinists believed social interactions are determined by competitive struggle
Second group ·
Another group of Social Darwinists believed change can emerge through collective action
P2
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Gilman's perspective ·
Part of second group
Believed humans can redesign and mold our own societies.
Elaborate on Gilman's perspective ·
Gilman believed humans are ethically obligated to engage in societally relevant work
P3
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Gilman's actions ·
In her fiction and social theory, she urged women to work toward better society
Gilman's goal ·
Wanted society to abandon gender-specific work roles and hierarchical relationships
She believed that these were necessary at one time in our societal evolution. But future progress would require a restoration of balance between masculine and feminine traits.
Passage Style
Single position
Spotlight
27.
Which one of the following ██ ███████ ██ ████████ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ████████
a
Some social conditions ██ █████ ██████ █████████ ███████ ██ ███████ █████ ██ █████ ███████ ███ ███████████ ██ ███████ ██████ █████████ ██ █████ █████ ██ ████████
b
The types of ███████ ████ ██████████ ███████ ██████ █████████ ███ ██ ██████ ██ ███████ █████ ██████ ███████ ███████████ ███████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ██████████ ██████
We have no evidence Gilman thinks that social evolution requires coordinated efforts toward consciously directed goals. There's a difference between believing that social evolution requires society to have more of the female qualities of cooperation and nurturance and believing that social evolution requires people to coordinate efforts toward consciously directed goals. People can cooperate without having any conscious goal and without consciously directing their joint efforts toward a goal.
c
Gender-based hierarchical relationships, █████ █████████ ███ ███ ██ ███ ███████████ ███ ███████████████ ████ ██████ ████ ████████ ██ ██████████ █████████ ██ ██████████
We have no evidence Gilman thinks gender-based hierarchies will be “especially difficult” to get rid of.
d
While Social Darwinist ████████ ███ ███████████ ███████████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ████ ███████ █████████████ ████ ███ ██ ██████ ████████████ ██ █████████████ ███████ █████████
Actually, Gilman believes Social Darwinist theories
e
Continuation of the ███████ ██ ██████ █████████ ████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████ ███████████ ███ ██████████ ██ ██████ █████████████
We have no evidence Gilman believes further social progress will “inevitably” lead to more cooperation and nurturance. She thinks more cooperation is necessary for further progress, but this doesn’t imply that further progress will lead to more cooperation.