Self-study
P1
When interviewing witnesses to a crime, police interviewers seek to maximize the amount of information that a cooperating eyewitness can give them so that they can generate leads to follow, confirm or disconfirm .
Intro to Topic ·
Police interviews of eyewitnesses
Goal is to maximize the amount of true information from eyewitnesses. How do police do this?
Method 1 ·
Cognitive interview
P2
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Description ·
Development, adoption, and techniques
Success ·
Increases number of true recalls without increasing false recalls
Problem ·
Too hard to implement
Cognitive interview is complex. Too hard to learn. Too hard to implement. So it's great if it's executed properly but it's too hard to execute properly.
P3
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Method 2 ·
Hypnosis
Problem ·
May increase false reports; may increase false confidence; not all witnesses are susceptible to hypnosis
While hypnosis is easier to execute than cognitive interview, it has a lot of downsides.
P4
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Ideal Solution / Method ·
3 criteria
1. requires no special training (better than cognitive interview); 2. can be applied to everyone (better than hypnosis); 3. has positive effect on true recall with no increase in false recall (better than hypnosis).
Method 3 / Ideal Solution ·
Close your eyes
Just tell witnesses to close their eyes as they are recalling.
Evidence of Success ·
"Close your eyes" is the best method
Improve true recall to similar degree as cognitive interview. Everyone can use this technique, unlike hypnosis. Doesn't require any specialized training, unlike cognitive interview.
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
6.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████
a
For police interviewers, ███ █████ █████████ █████████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████ ███████████ ███████████ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ████████ ████████████
This doesn’t capture the author’s opinion that eye-closure is the ideal method.
b
Interviewing witnesses is █ ███████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████████ ███ ███ ████████ █████████ ██████████ ███████ ████ █████████ ███████ ███████████ ███ █████████████
This doesn’t capture the author’s opinion that eye-closure is the ideal method.
c
Instructing witnesses to █████ █████ ████ ██████ █████████████ █████ ██ █ █████████ ██████ ██ ████ ████████ ███ ███ █████████ ██████████
This doesn’t capture the author’s opinion that eye-closure is the ideal method. The main point isn’t merely that asking people to close their eyes is a common technique.
d
Though difficult to █████████ ██ █ █████ ██████ ███ █████████ █████████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ █████████ ██████ ████████ ███ ███ ████ ███████████ ██ ███████████
This doesn’t capture the author’s opinion that eye-closure is the ideal method.
e
Instructed eye-closure improves ███████ ██████ ███████ ███████████ ████████████ ██ ████████████ ██████ ██ ██ █████ █████████ █████████ ███ ██████ █████████████
This is the main point, because it captures the author’s opinion that