Self-study
Counselor: To be kind to someone, one must want that person to prosper. ████ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ███████ ████ █████ ███ ████████████ █████ ████ █████ ████ ████████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ███████ ████ █████ ███ ██ █████ ███████ ██ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ ███ ██████ ███ ██ ███ ███████ ████ █████ ████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ██████
Building the Conditional Chain
This stimulus is a bunch of facts about how people relate to each other. No argument, no conclusion. Just a set of facts we need to piece together. Let's break them down one at a time.
Fact 1: If you're kind to someone, you want that person to prosper.
Fact 2: Even two people who dislike each other may treat each other with respect. (In other words, disliking each other does not guarantee that they won't treat each other with respect.)
Fact 3: No two people who dislike each other can be fully content in each other's presence. (Dislike each other → not fully content.)
Fact 4: Any two people who do not dislike each other will be kind to each other. (Don't dislike each other → kind to each other.)
Fact 1 and 4 can be chained together:
Don't dislike each other → kind to each other → want each other to prosper
And the contrapositive of that entire chain gives us:
Don't want each other to prosper → not kind → dislike each other
We can extend that chain one more step by adding Rule 3:
Don't want each other to prosper → dislike each other → not fully content in each other's presence
Or, reading the contrapositive of that:
Fully content in each other's presence → don't dislike each other → kind to each other → want each other to prosper
Anticipation
Since this is a Must Be False question, we're looking for a statement that cannot be true given the counselor's rules. The standard here is certainty. We need an answer choice that directly contradicts something provable from the stimulus.
We know from the chain that anyone who is fully content in someone's presence must want that person to prosper. So any answer claiming you can be fully content around someone without wanting them to prosper would violate the rules. That's not the only potential correcte answer, though, so let's keep an open mind.
22.
If the counselor's statements are █████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ██ ██████
a
Some people who ████ ████ █████ ███ ███ █████ ███████ ██ ████ ███████ █████████
Could be true. Liking someone is the necessary condition of being fully content, but being fully content isn’t a necessary condition of liking someone. It could be the case that people who like each other are not fully content in each other’s presence.
b
Some people who ███ █████ ███████ ██ ████ ███████ ████████ ██ ███ ████ ████ █████ ██ ████████
This directly contradicts our conditional chain. If two people are fully content in each other's presence, then by the contrapositive of Fact 3, they don't dislike each other. If they don't dislike each other, Fact 4 tells us they're kind to each other. And if they're kind to each other, Fact 1 tells us they want each other to prosper.
Fully content → don't dislike → kind → want each other to prosper
So it's impossible for two people to be fully content in each other's presence without wanting each other to prosper.
c
Some people who █████ ████ █████ ████ ███████ ███ ███ █████ ███████ ██ ████ ███████ █████████
Could be true. The only thing that we know about respect is that it is possible for two people who dislike each other to treat each other with respect. It could be the case that people who aren’t fully content with each other’s presence can treat each other with respect.
d
Some people who ████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███████ ████ ██████
Could be true. Wanting someone to prosper is a necessary condition of liking someone, but liking someone isn’t a necessary condition of wanting someone to prosper. It is possible to want someone to prosper while disliking them.
e
Some people who ███ ████ ██ ████ █████ ██ ███ █████ ████ █████ ████ ████████
Could be true. If someone is kind to someone, we know that they want that person to prosper, but that is the only thing we can definitively say. It is possible to be kind to someone and not respect them.