Lobbyist: Conclusion Those who claim that automobile exhaust emissions are a risk to public health are mistaken. ββββββ βββ ββββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββββββ βββββββ βββββββββ ββββββββββ βββββ ββββββββ βββββββββ ββ ββββββ ββββββ ββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββββββ ββββ βββββββββββββ
The argument cites a positive correlation between car exhaust levels and public health to support its conclusion that car exhaust has no serious negative effect on health.
This is a cookie-cutter example of a correlation-causation flaw. Just because two phenomena are positively correlated doesn't mean there is no negative causal relationship between them. Itβs possible, even likely, that public health has improved in spite of car exhaust levels increasing. Public health has probably improved for a variety of other reasons that outweigh the negative impacts of auto emissions.
Analysis by MichaelWright
The flaw in the lobbyist's βββββββββ βββ ββββ βββββββββββ ββ ββββββββββββ ββ ββββββ βββββ ββ ββββββββ ββββββββββ ββ βββββ ββββββββ ββββ
inspecting commercial airplanes βββ ββββββ ββ βββββββββββ βββββββ βββ ββββββ ββ ββββββββββ ββββββββ βββββββ βββ βββββββββ ββββ βββ ββββ ββββββ
smoking cigarettes is βββ βββ βββ βββββββ ββββββ βββββββ βββ βββ βββββββββ βββββββ βββ βββββββββββββββ βββββββββ
using a cell βββββ βββββ βββββββ ββ βββ βββββββββ βββββββ βββ ββββββ ββ βββββββ βββββββββ βββ βββββββββ βββββ βββ βββββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββ
skydiving is not βββββββββ βββββββ βββ ββββββ ββ ββββββββ ββ βββββββββ βββ βββββββββ ββ ββββββ βββββ
people with insurance ββ βββ ββββ ββ ββββ βββββ βββββ βββββββ ββ ββββββββ ββ ββββββ βββ βββββββββ βββββββ ββββ βββ ββ βββββββ ββ