PT152.S3.P4.Q22 > Analytics

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Physicists posit that at first our universe was infinitesimally small and infinitely hot and dense. ██ ████ █████████ █ ██████ ██ █████████ ██████ ███████ █████████ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ██ ██████ ███ █████

Intro topic · Big Bang

Expansion from small, dense, hot universe to larger, cooler universe

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C and C's hypothesis · Big Bang is a recurring event

Support for hypothesis · Multiverse theory

Earlier Big Bangs have occurred outside of the known universe

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Introduce entropy · Idea that disorder increases over time

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Illustration of entropy · Randomly moving objects in room

Room will tend toward disorder each time an object is moved

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Relevance of entropy to Big Bang · Raises questions about pre-Big Bang universe

If the universe tends toward disorder, how did it ever reach its starting state as small and dense in the first place? Seems too orderly, not random

C and C's hypothesis · Most likely starting state for universe is empty space

In other words, it's unlikely that the universe would have started as small and dense purely by chance

G and V's hypothesis · Seemingly empty space can create tiny big bangs

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C and C's hypothesis · Our Big Bang is was a kind of "tiny big bang" in an even larger multiverse

Significance of hypothesis · Reconciles Big Bang theory with entropy

The larger multiverse can be disordered, random, and full of empty space while still containing pockets of matter and energy for big bangs

Passage Style

Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)

Single position

22.

The author’s stance toward Carroll ███ ████████ ██████ ██ ████ ██████████ █████████████ ██ ████ ██

Question Type

Author’s attitude

Implied

This Author’s Attitude question asks us to infer how the author feels toward Carroll and Chen’s theory. Throughout the passage, the author tends to report Carroll and Chen’s theory objectively with a neutral tone. It’s important to note that the author never says anything negative about their theory.

an ardent adversary

Unsupported. The author never says anything negative about Carroll and Chen’s theory, so we can’t say that the author’s attitude is adversarial.

a dismissive critic

Unsupported. The author never says anything negative about Carroll and Chen’s theory, so we can’t say that the author’s attitude is critical.

a disinterested skeptic

Unsupported. The author never says anything that calls Carroll and Chen’s theory into question, so we can’t say that the author’s attitude is skeptical.

a sympathetic reporter

This is the author’s attitude. The author tends to objectively describe Carroll and Chen’s theory, and the author never says anything negative about the theory, so we can describe the author as a “sympathetic reporter.”

67%

a zealous proponent

The author’s tone throughout the passage is relatively neutral. “Zealous” is too strong to describe the author’s attitude.

23%

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PrepTest 152 - Section 3 - Passage 4 - Question 22

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PrepTest 152 - Section 3 - Passage 4 - Question 22

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