PT152.S3.P4.Q25 > Analytics

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Physicists posit that at first our universe was infinitesimally small and infinitely hot and dense. ██ ████ █████████ █ ██████ ██ █████████ ██████ ███████ █████████ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ██ ██████ ███ █████

Intro topic · Big Bang

Expansion from small, dense, hot universe to larger, cooler universe

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C and C's hypothesis · Big Bang is a recurring event

Support for hypothesis · Multiverse theory

Earlier Big Bangs have occurred outside of the known universe

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Introduce entropy · Idea that disorder increases over time

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Illustration of entropy · Randomly moving objects in room

Room will tend toward disorder each time an object is moved

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Relevance of entropy to Big Bang · Raises questions about pre-Big Bang universe

If the universe tends toward disorder, how did it ever reach its starting state as small and dense in the first place? Seems too orderly, not random

C and C's hypothesis · Most likely starting state for universe is empty space

In other words, it's unlikely that the universe would have started as small and dense purely by chance

G and V's hypothesis · Seemingly empty space can create tiny big bangs

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C and C's hypothesis · Our Big Bang is was a kind of "tiny big bang" in an even larger multiverse

Significance of hypothesis · Reconciles Big Bang theory with entropy

The larger multiverse can be disordered, random, and full of empty space while still containing pockets of matter and energy for big bangs

Passage Style

Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)

Single position

25.

The primary purpose of the ███████ ██ ██

Question Type

Implied

Purpose of passage

This question asks for the author’s primary purpose in this passage. Remember that the main point is to explain Carroll and Chen’s hypothesis that our universe came from an energy fluctuation in a high entropy multiverse.

draw novel consequences ████ ██ ███████████ █████████

The purpose of the passage is to explain Carroll and Chen’s theory, which resolves an apparent mystery in the Big Bang theory. The author doesn’t draw novel consequences from an established principle; the author just explains someone else’s theory.

challenge a dominant █████ ██ ████

Descriptively inaccurate; the author does not challenge any dominant perspectives. Carroll and Chen’s hypothesis accepts the view of other physicists that our universe was initially small, hot, and dense.

17%

chronicle the history ██ █ ███████

Descriptively inaccurate. There isn’t a dispute in this passage, so this can’t be the main point.

adjudicate between two ████████

The passage doesn’t settle between two theories; instead, the passage shows how one theory (Carroll and Chen’s theory) resolves an apparent mystery in physics.

give the rationale ███ █ ██████

This is the primary purpose; the passage describes Carroll and Chen’s theory and explains the reasoning behind this theory.

72%

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