Self-study
Ecological terms like "invasive species" invoke human cultural standards like belonging, citizenship, fair play, and morality and apply them to the natural world. █████ █████ ███ █████████ ███████████ ████████ ██ ███████ █████████ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ████████ █████ █████ ██████████ ███████ ██ ███████ █████ ████ ██████ █████ █████ ████ ██████
Method of Reasoning
The argument concludes with a recommendation that something should not be done (using certain terms), and supports this by telling us the consequence of not following the recommendation (influence opinion prematurely).
25.
Which one of the following ████████ ████ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████ ██████
a
Police should not ███ █████ ████ ███████ ████ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ ██████ ███ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ █████ ██████ █████ ████████ ███ ██████████ ████████ █████ ████ ████ ████ █████████ ██ █ ██████
Mismatched premise. (A) concludes with a recommendation that something should not be done, like the stimulus, but it does not support this by telling us the consequence of not following the recommendation, like the stimulus does.
A correct version of (A) might replace “since suspects are...” with something like “since the word ‘thief’ can influence a police officer to believe a suspect is guilty prematurely.”
b
Environmental regulators should ███ █████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ██████████ ███ ████████ █████ ███ ████████████ █████████ █████ █████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ ████████████
Mismatched premise. (B) concludes with a recommendation that something should not be done, like the stimulus, but it does not support this by telling us the consequence of not following the recommendation, like the stimulus does
c
Opinion writers should █████ █████ ██████ ████████████ ████████ ██ ████████ █████ ██████████ █████ ██ █████████████ ███████ █████ ████ ████████ █████ █████ ███████ ██████ ██ ████████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ████ ███
Mismatched premise. (C) concludes with a recommendation that something should not be done and supports the conclusion by establishing a consequence of not following the recommendation, like the stimulus. However, the consequence in the stimulus is affecting the same group that is using the unfavorable language. In (C), it is affecting a group of people (readers) other than the writers using the language.
d
Software developers should ███████ ████ █████ █████████████ █████ ██ ████████ ███ ███████████ ██ █████ █████████ █████ ████ █████ █████████ █████ ████████████ █████ ███ █████ ████████ ████ ██████ █████████████ ███████
The argument concludes with a recommendation that something should not be done (using certain terms), and supports this by telling us the consequence of not following the recommendation (influence expectations).
e
People should be ███████ ████ ███████████ ███████ ██ ███████ ██████ ██ █████ ██ ███████ ████ ██████████ █████████ █████ █████████████ ███████ ███████ ████ ████ ████████████ ███ ██████████ ██████████
Mismatched premises and conclusion. (E) concludes with a recommendation that one should be careful when doing something, whereas the stimulus concludes that something should not be done. Also, (E)’s premise is not a consequence of not following the recommendation, like the stimulus.