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Wei: A respected automobile expert claims that most cars will develop transmission problems unless their transmissions are serviced at least once every three years. ███ ████ █████ ██ ██████ █ ████ █████ ████ ██ ██ ████ ███ ████ ██████ ██████ █ ████ █████ ███ ███ ████████████ ████████ ██ ██████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ████ █████████ █ ████████████ ████████
Method of Reasoning
The argument proceeds by attempting to negate a “most” statement with a counterexample. An expert claims that most cars will experience transmission problems if they’re not regularly serviced, but Wei claims that this is untrue because his cars have never been serviced yet haven’t experienced such problems.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The argument is flawed because its supposed counterexample does not actually negate the expert’s claim. The expert claims that most cars that don’t get serviced will develop problems—not all. Wei’s two cars may simply fall into the minority that don’t have problems.
10.
The pattern of flawed reasoning ██ █████ ████████ ██ ████ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ █████████ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
My veterinarian told ██ ████ ████ ████ ███ ██ ███ ████ ██████ █████ ████████ ████ ███████ ███ █████████ ████████ █ ████ ███ ███ ██ █████ █████ ███████ ███ ███ ████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ███ ███ ███ ███ ███ █████████ ██████████ ██ ████████████ ███ ██████
b
Car dealers claim ████ █████████ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ███ ██ ████ ████████ ████████ ██████████ ███ ███ █████ ███ ███ ███████ ████ █ ██████ ████████ ██ ██████ █████ ████ ███ ███████████ █████ ███ ███ ████████ █████ ██ ██████
c
A high-ranking traffic ██████ ████████ ██████ ████ ███████ ████ ███ █████ █████ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ █████ █ █████ █████ ████ ███ █████ ██████ ███ █ ████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ████ █████
d
Boot manufacturers claim ████ █ ████ ████ ██ █████ ████ ████ ██ █████ ████ ██████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ██████ ███ █████ █ ███ ██ ████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ██████ ████ ███ ██████
e
A study of █████ ████████ █████ ████ ██ ████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ███████████ ██ ███████ ██ ████ ███ ████ ███ ███ ████ ██ ██████ █████ ██ ████ ████████ ███ ██ █████ ██ ███████████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ████