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Complex societies flourished on the central plateau of southern Africa from the ninth through sixteenth centuries. █████ ████████ █████████ ████████ ██████ ██████████ ████ ███████████ ████████ ██████ █████ ██████ █████ █████ █████ ██ ██████████████ ██████████ █████ █████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ █ ██████ ██████████ ███████ █████ ██████ █████ ███████ █████████ █████████ ████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ ███ ███████████ ██ █████ ████████ ███████ ███████ ███████████ █████████ ██████ █████ ████ ██ ███████ ██████ ███████ ███ ████ ███████ █████ ████ ███████ ███████ ███████ ██ ████████ ████ ██████ ███

Intro to topic · Great Zimbabwe

Prosperous city-state, part of complex and stratified society

Other people's hypothesis · Prosperity was due to gold mining

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Alternative hypothesis · Prosperity was due to agricultural system

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Problem · Crop cultivation could not support large, permanently situated populations

Soil needed breaks between planting, no means of transporting or storing grain

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Solution · Cattle farming

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Evidence for Alt. Hypothesis · Cattle farming was complex

That complexity influenced Great Zimbabwe's social structure

Evidence for alt. hypothesis · Cattle farming gave ruling class extensive power

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Evidence for alt. hypothesis · Cattle farming also supported gold mining industry

Not only was gold mining not the main driver of Great Zimbabwe's prosperity, but gold mining actually owed its success to cattle farming

Passage Style

Critique or debate

Phenomenon-hypothesis (RC)

Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████

Understanding the basis ███ ███ ██████████ ███ ██████ ████████████ ██ █████ ████████ ████████ ██ █████████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████████

This best captures the main point, which is the author’s hypothesis that the Great Zimbabwe’s prosperity resulted from its agricultural system, which involved a complex cattle economy.

92%

The diversity and █████████ ██ ███████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ███████ ██ ████████ ██████ ███ ███████████ ███ ███ ████ ███ ████ ██ █████ ██████████ █████████████

This doesn’t capture the author’s hypothesis that the complex cattle economy can explain the Great Zimbabwe’s prosperity. The author doesn’t argue that the diversity and abundance of natural reosuces explains the Great Zimbabwe’s rise and fall.

The power of ███ █████ █████ ██ █████ ████████ ██████████ █████ ████ █████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ███████ ███ ████ ███████

Not supported. Although cattle was the property of a ruling class, this doesn’t imply that the ruling class’s power arose from owning croplands. Since (C) isn’t supported, it can’t be the main point. It also doesn’t capture the author’s hypothesis that the complex cattle economy can explain the Great Zimbabwe’s prosperity.

Great Zimbabwe's economic ██████ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ███████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ ███ █████████████ ██████

This doesn’t capture the author’s hypothesis that the complex cattle economy can explain the Great Zimbabwe’s prosperity.

The communal nature ██ ██████ █████████ ██ █████ ████████ ███ ███████ ███████████ ███ ███ ████████ ██████████ ██ ████ ████████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ███████

Not supported. The author doesn’t suggest that cattle ownership was “communal.” We’re told that ordinary people were “given use of individual cattle as an act of royal patronage” and that “cattle exchange was an essential element in marriage contract.” This doesn’t imply cattle ownership was “communal.”

PrepTest 154 - Section 3 - Passage 1 - Question 1

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