Political arguments about biodiversity and the preservation of endangered species generally assume we know what a species is. βββ βββββββββ βββ ββββββββ ββ ββββ βββββββββββ β ββββββ βββββββ βββ ββββ ββββ β βββββββββ βββ βββββββββββββ βββββββββ βββ
Context Β·What's a "species"? Arguments about biodiversity assume we know this.
Sibley's potential response Β·Acknowledges that "species concept" is slippery
However, for practical reasons, we have to limit the number of species we recognize. (If we said you were a different species from your mom, because you have slightly different DNA, that would lead to billions of different "species" in the world. That's impractical.)
Implications of debate Β·How we answer the species question has political and economic consequences
Example: Increasing number of species would likely increase number of endangered species.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
19.
If valid, Charles G. Sibley's βββββββββ ββ βββββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββ βββββββββ ββ βββ ββββββ ββββββββββ ββββ βββββββββ βββββββββ βββββ βββ ββ βββ βββββββββ βββββββββββ
Question Type
Implied
This is an Inference question from Sibleyβs findings. At the end of P2, we see that Sibley found that North and South American vultures are more similar to storks than to European vultures, and that loons and grebes arenβt closely related.
a
A stork population ββββ ββββββ ββ ββββββ ββ ββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββ ββββββββ
Sibleyβs findings in P2 distinguish between vultures from Europe and vultures from North or South America, not storks from different locations. The passage just talks about storks in general; we donβt know how to classify storks from different locations.
b
A stork population ββββ βββββ βββββββ ββ ββββββ ββ ββ ββ β βββββββββ βββββββ ββββ βββ ββββ βββββββ
Sibleyβs findings in P2 distinguish between vultures from Europe and vultures from North or South America, not storks from these locations. The passage just talks about storks in general; we donβt know how to classify storks from different locations.
c
A vulture population ββββ βββββ βββββββ ββ ββββββ ββ ββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββββ
Sibleyβs findings show that North American vultures are more closely related to storks than to European vultures. If we classify storks and vultures as different species, Sibley probably doesnβt think that vultures from North America are the same species as vultures from Europe, since the North American vultures are more closely related to storks than they are to the European vultures.
d
A vulture population ββββ βββββ βββββββ ββ ββββββ ββ ββ ββ β βββββββββ βββββββ ββββ βββ ββββ βββββββ
Sibleyβs findings donβt challenge this assertion because Sibley found that South American vultures are less closely related to European vultures. If we say that vultures and storks are different species, then Sibley would agree that vultures from South America are probably a different species from vultures from Europe.
e
A vulture population ββββ βββββ βββββββ ββ ββββββ ββ ββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββββ ββββββββ
The passage doesnβt distinguish North American vultures from South American vultures, so we donβt know whether or not Sibleyβs findings challenge this assertion.
Difficulty
66% of people who answer get this correct
This is a difficult question.
It is similar in difficulty to other questions in this passage.
CURVE
Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right
25%142
153
75%164
Analysis
Implied
Critique or debate
Science
Answer Popularity
PopularityAvg. score
a
5%
154
b
4%
151
c
66%
163
d
20%
157
e
6%
152
Question history
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