Self-study
passage 4
P1
The success of modern physics has consisted primarily in the analysis of physical reality into its fundamental components. ███ ███████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ███ █████ ██ ████████ ██ █ ███████ ██ ███████████ ███ ███████████ ████ █ ██████ █████ █████ ██ ███████ ██ ████████████ ███████████ ████████████ ███ ██████████ ███ █████████ █████████ ████ ███ █████ ███████ ███ █████ ███████████████ ████ ████ ███ ██ █████ ███████ ████████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ██████████ ██ ████ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████████ ███████ ████ █████████████ ██ █████ ███████ ████ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ███ █████████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ ███ █████████ █████████ ██ ████ █ ███████████ ███████ ██ █████████ █████ ███████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ███ ███ ███████████ ████ ████ ███ ███████
“Theory of everything” ·
Doesn’t predict behavior of complicated systems
Predicting this behavior requires knowing locations and trajectories of all particles into the future.
P2
███ ███████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███████████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████ ███
Problem of prediction ·
More difficult in chaotic systems
Description of chaotic systems ·
Nonlinear rather than linear
In nonlinear systems, a minor difference at beginning of process results in large difference at the end. Example: water faucet opened wide.
P3
███████ ███ ████████ ██ ██████ ██████████████ ███ █████ █████ ███ █████ ████████ ████ ██ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████ ████████ ███
Partly chaotic systems ·
Partly linear and partly chaotic
Potential explanation for partly chaotic behavior ·
Complexity theory
Potential application to living things ·
Complexity theory might help explain aspects of living things
Example: Cells involve both linearity and chaos.
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
26.
The author introduces the example ██ █ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ █████████ █████████ ██ █████ ██
a
demonstrate how a ███████ █████ ███████ █████ ██ █ ███████ ██████
b
illustrate how small ███████ ██ █████ ███ ███████ █████ ███████ ██ ██████
c
provide an example ██ █ ███████ ██████ ██████
d
explain why a ██████ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ ███████
e
remove an obstacle ██ ██████████ ██ ███████████ ███████