Self-study
Geneticist: Ethicists have fears, many of them reasonable, about the prospect of cloning human beings, that is, producing exact genetic duplicates. ███ ███ ████████████ █████ ██ █ ███████ ██████ ████████ ██ ████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ████████████ ██████ ████ ██ ██████ ███ █████████ █ █████████ ███████ ████ █████ █████ ███████ ██████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ████████ ████████████ ██ ██████ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ████ ███████ ███████████ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ ██████ ███████
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The geneticist concludes that the “horror-movie image” of human cloning producing an army of duplicates for wealthy people is an unrealistic fear. To support this, she says that the long-term process of raising and educating clones would mean that adults produced by cloning would not have identical goals, outlook, or personality, so an “army of exact duplicates” could not be produced. Then, the geneticist raises another, more realistic, outcome: using clones as living “organ banks.”
Identify Argument Part
The claim in the question stem gives a reason that the fear of cloning producing an army of duplicates is an unrealistic fear.
15.
The claim that cloning will ███ ███████ ██████ ████ █████████ █████████████ █████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ █████ ██ ███ ████████████ █████████
a
It is a ██████ ███ ██████████ ███ ███████ █████ ██████ ██ █████████ █████████ ███ ███████ ██ █████ ███████
The claim in the question stem is targeted specifically toward the fear of using cloning to create an army of duplicates, not the “various fears” of ethicists. Further, the argument does not dismiss “various fears,” just one specific fear.
b
It is evidence ████ ███████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ████████ █████████████
The argument does not claim that genetic duplicates will never be produced successfully; it just says that an army of exact duplicates is an unrealistic fear due to differences in outlook, personality, or goals.
c
It illustrates the █████ ████ ████ ███████ ██████ █████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ███████ ██████████ ████ ██ ███████████
The argument does not claim that only wealthy people would have this ability; rather, the argument just raises the possibility that wealthy people would do so.
d
It is evidence ███ ███ █████ ████ ███████ ██████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ███ ████████████████
The claim in the question stem is used to reject one possible fear, not as evidence to support another potential risk of human cloning.
e
It is a ██████ ███ ███████████ ███ ████████ ████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ █████ ███████
The claim in the question stem is a premise that supports the conclusion, which is that one possible fear of human cloning is unrealistic. The referenced text gives a reason to discount one possible fear, so this is the correct answer.