Self-study
P1
The success of modern physics has consisted primarily in the analysis of physical reality into its fundamental components. ███ ███████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ███ █████ ██ ████████ ██ █ ███████ ██ ███████████ ███ ███████████ ████ █ ██████ █████ █████ ██ ███████ ██ ████████████ ███████████ ████████████ ███ ██████████ ███ █████████ █████████ ████ ███ █████ ███████ ███ █████ ███████████████ ████ ████ ███ ██ █████ ███████ ████████████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ██████████ ██ ████ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████████ ███████ ████ █████████████ ██ █████ ███████ ████ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ███ █████████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ ███ █████████ █████████ ██ ████ █ ███████████ ███████ ██ █████████ █████ ███████ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████ █████████ ███ ███ ███████████ ████ ████ ███ ███████
“Theory of everything” ·
Doesn’t predict behavior of complicated systems
Predicting this behavior requires knowing locations and trajectories of all particles into the future.
P2
███ ███████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███████████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████ ███
Problem of prediction ·
More difficult in chaotic systems
Description of chaotic systems ·
Nonlinear rather than linear
In nonlinear systems, a minor difference at beginning of process results in large difference at the end. Example: water faucet opened wide.
P3
███████ ███ ████████ ██ ██████ ██████████████ ███ █████ █████ ███ █████ ████████ ████ ██ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████ ████████ ███
Partly chaotic systems ·
Partly linear and partly chaotic
Potential explanation for partly chaotic behavior ·
Complexity theory
Potential application to living things ·
Complexity theory might help explain aspects of living things
Example: Cells involve both linearity and chaos.
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
24.
As it is described in ███ █████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████████ ████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██ ████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
a theory of ██████ ████ ██████ ████ ███ ██████ ██████ ███████ ████ █ ███ ████████ ███████ █████ ████ ████ ███ ██████ ██████
It's not clear how this theory involves an explanation of interactions/characteristics of components that belong to a broader system. It's also not clear whether the "theory of everything" believes that just a few things from the past resulted in a variety of things we see today.
b
a theory of ███████████ ████ ███████ ████ █████████ ███████ █████████ ████ █████ ██ ████████████ ███████████ ████ ██ ██████ ███████ ███████ ███
It's not clear how this theory involves an explanation of interactions/characteristics of components that belong to a broader system. Also, we have no reason to think that the "theory of everything" assumes certain things are unpredictable. If anything, physicists probably think the "theory of everything" can explain everything.
c
a theory of ████████ █████████ ████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ███ ██ ███████████ ██ ████████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ██████ ███ ████████████ ███████ ██████ ███ ████
It's not clear how this theory involves an explanation of interactions/characteristics of components that belong to a broader system. Perhaps this answer would be more analogous if it described a theory that focuses on the interactions and characteristics of individual words in a text. But as written, (C) merely refers to a focus on "the text itself" rather than the interactions and characteristics of components of that text.
d
a theory of █████████ ████ ███████ ████ ███ ████████ ████████ ███ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ██ ███ ███████████████ ██ ██████████ █████████ ███ █████████ ███ ███ ████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████
This is the best answer out of the five available answers. (D) is the only theory involving an explanation of interactions/characteristics of components (individual consumers and producers) belonging to a broader system (economic activity).
e
a theory of ███████████ ████ ███████ ████ ███ █████████ █████ ████ ██ █████ ███████████ ████████ ██████████ ████ █████ █████████
It's not clear how this theory involves an explanation of interactions/characteristics of components that belong to a broader system. Also, it's not clear that the "theory of everything" believes that there are fundamental similarities between different things.