Self-study
Passage A.
P1
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Whorf's claim ·
Native language limits how we think
Weaken Whorf's claim ·
Claim lacks any evidence
P2
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New hypothesis ·
Native language emphasizes certain thinking
Contrast this with Whorf's claim. Whorf said language closes doors on how we think; author says actually, language just pushes us toward certain doors.
Example ·
Of hypothesis in action
Thinking of neighbors along gender lines.
P3
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Effect of grammatical gender ·
People think differently about an object depending on its word's gender
Illustration of effect ·
Masculine words associated with masculine traits; same for feminine words and feminine traits
Examples of various words in German and Spanish. Different word genders produced different associations.
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P4
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Passage B topic ·
How language influences numerical reasoning
This passage also looks at how language affects thinking, but focuses on numeracy
Describe study ·
Subjects lack precise language for number but still have some concept of number
P5
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Implications of study ·
Concept of number does not rely on language for number
Supports a "non-Whorfian" view; i.e., native language does not limit how we think.
Author's clarification ·
Subjects had concept of number but may not have been fully "numerate" (numerically literate)
Author's perspective ·
Study results open to wide interpretation
Having language for number either allows for precise numeracy (Whorfian view) or at least pushes one's thinking in that direction (non-Whorfian, consistent with the views passage A's author).
Passage Style
24.
In the first sentence of ███████ ██ ███ ████
Question Type
Meaning in context (of word, phrase, or idea)
Structure
The word refers to people. Studies involved people from the Priaha and Munduruku groups. We know this is the meaning because we’re told that
a
words
“Subjects” refers to people. We know this is the meaning because we’re told that
b
topics
“Subjects” refers to people. We know this is the meaning because we’re told that
c
people
The word refers to people. Studies involved people from the Priaha and Munduruku groups. We know this is the meaning because we’re told that
d
relations
“Subjects” refers to people. We know this is the meaning because we’re told that
e
objects
“Subjects” refers to people. We know this is the meaning because we’re told that