I felt so good about necessary vs sufficient until the ninja turtle relationship. For some reason that one keeps throwing me off.

Correct me if I'm wrong:

Subset: Turtles

Superset: Ninjas

Being a turtle is sufficient to be a ninja.

So as a turtle you are necessarily a ninja...

But it is not necessary to be a turtle to be a ninja.

Being a ninja is necessary to be a turtle.

But not all ninjas are turtles.

The word Consequently can be used interchangeably with therefore or as a result. The first sentence presents an observation, the second sentence uses that observation as support of a hypothesis/claim. Look at it like this:

Premise (Observation=Nutritionists noticed) --> As a "Consequence" of Premise P, Claim: "almost all of this surge can be attributed to decreased physical activity and changes in dietary habits."

While "certain would work better in accurately describing the narrators understanding of the situation regarding who will win the prize, I think the use of the weaker less accurate language is simply an attempt to distract you.

Just focus on first identifying the conclusion and then seeing if another sentence makes that conclusions claim more true, ignore the weeds and snares as best you can.