@JiggityJack5 You can view the first conclusion as the contrapositive to the second. Negating each side and reversing them, you get "If pastries don't cook themselves, then birds cannot sing." The first conclusion is just another way of stating this contrapositive. So they mean the same thing :-)

@Laurajval ofc!

@Laurajval No, since the only information we are given is that Tom is not taller. If Athena is 6ft, and Tom is not taller than Athena, that means he can be exactly 6ft as well or shorter.

@JohnLeary Hey I'm a student at NYU also aiming for the October test date, let me know if you'd be down to be study partners!