correct me if im wrong, but I think assumptions are made in regards to the premises. Notably, each assumption in the video targeted a different premise questioning its support to the conclusion. As enough assumptions were made it brought question to the strength of the arguments conclusion moving it towards the lower end of the strength chart we saw in previous lessons

the use of "the" in the phrase the attempts identifies it as a noun making it identify as a thing, the attempts are the focus of this passage, whereas if it was he attempts then you could identify attempts as a verb, and possibly a predicate depending on the passage

yes good point, this example does show how because is both an indicator and a premise. Try switching up your example The test was hard because The test took an average time of 2 hours and the class average was 60%. it shows you that either the premise or conclusion can be interchangeable coming either before or after the indicator because. Furthermore because can be interchangeable with other indicators in this lesson like since. For example he test took an average time of 2 hours and the class average was 60%. since the test was hard.

remember the definition of an argument as learned before an argument is a premise + a conclusion. you do not have to directly agree with the premise and or conclusion for it to be an argument, rather both elements simply have to be present.

I went wrong on number 4 with the repetitious wording. Defiantly slow down and look at it sentence by sentence. I was really looking at it in a bigger question breaking it down and looking if there is support among each sentence defiantly helps