Because it is not necessary that a predicate contains an object.

Why is there no object listed in question #1, "Strong antibiotics fail to kill the bacteria that live in deep wounds?"

Wouldn't the subject of this example sentence be "attempts" rather than "The attempts"? My assumption is that "The" functions as a modifier to "attempts" because it distinguishes any attempts from the particular attempts I am referring to -- "The" attempts.

"After all" generally signifies the premise of an argument. Quick way to identify.