PTA.S1.Q18 - theories in scientific fields may be in flux

Darklord

For this question, I understand why A is the answer, but I do not quite understand exactly why D and E are wrong. After all, in terms of D, couldn't the way in which the field "inevitably" changes as a result of new discoveries be considered a "law of nature"?
In addition, in terms of E, couldn't the "intended outcome" of making new discoveries help explain the situation of "flux"?

taschasp

The stimulus is essentially saying:
Scientific theories are in flux.

Why are they in flux? Is it because of a lack of theoretical rigor?

No, it's because of a general pattern of scientific progress, in which fields of science have to reorganize some of their knowledge when facing new facts

So, why is D wrong? Because this change doesn't have to do with a law of nature. Nowhere was a law of nature stated. The argument is about how scientific theories respond to new data, but isn't saying that this is a law of nature. That would be something like, "scientific theories are in flux because everything in nature is always in flux." The word "inevitably" might make D look like an appealing answer, but this isn't referring to a natural law--it just means something like "obviously": Obviously if facts change, then theories that are built on those facts need to evolve too.

Why is E wrong? Because there is no discussion of an intended outcome. There is no mention of an intended outcome of why these theories adapt given new facts. Maybe the intended outcome is obvious to us, so it feels like a reasonable answer, but it has nothing to do with the actual argument as written.

Darklord

Ok thanks!