Just because people need love and support to prevent sadness, that doesn’t necessarily mean that the more love and support you have, the happier you’ll be. Someone could have ample love and support and be more unhappy than someone with only a little love and support. (A) mirrors the flaw in the stimulus, where increasing one variable doesn’t necessarily increase another.

No flaw. If most jobs have annual wage or salary increases, it follows that, in a typical job, the longer you’ve worked, the higher your income.

No flaw. If arteriosclerosis is the main cause of heart attacks, and arteriosclerosis develops over time, it follows that if one’s at risk for arteriosclerosis, their odds of having a heart attack increase as time goes on.

Wrong flaw. (D) erroneously includes the idea of mastering medicine to its conclusion, even though it’s not clear that understanding the explanation for many diseases is required to master medicine. Also, (D) makes the erroneous assumption that one has to be trained in chemistry to understand it. However, (D) does not mirror the flaw in the stimulus, where increasing one variable doesn’t necessarily increase another.

Wrong flaw. (E) erroneously assumes that being trained in chemistry and, therefore, being able to understand most diseases, is all that’s required to master medicine, even though it’s not clear that simply understanding most diseases allows one to master medicine. However, (E) doesn’t mirror the flaw in the stimulus, where increasing one variable doesn’t necessarily increase another.