PT135.S3.P4.Q21

PrepTest 135 - Section 3 - Passage 4 - Question 21

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P1

As part of an international effort to address environmental problems resulting from agricultural overproduction, hundreds of thousands of acres of surplus farmland throughout Europe will be taken out of production in coming years. ███

Problem and Solution · Problem: overproduction / solution: let farms lie fallow
We're farming too hard and that's harming the environment. Solution is to let farms sit there and don't plant anything.
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Problem Details · Too few nutrients; too much fertilizer
Farming depleted nutrients and introduced fertilizers. That makes it difficult to restore the land to "natural balance of flora." In particular, thistles (a weed) will crowd out other flora.
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Impractical Solution · Remove and replace the topsoil
Impractical because we're not talking about my backyard garden. We're talking at the scale of hundreds of thousands of acres.
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Potential Solution · Artificially accelerate recovery
Netherlands is doing a study to see if they can speed up natural recovery.
P2

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Experimental Setup · Control v. intervention groups
Two control groups: (C1) lie fallow and (C2) grow corn. Two intervention groups: (I1) grow mixture of native flora and (I2) grow native flora plus clover and toadflax.
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Results · Intervention works
Both intervention groups forced out thistles (a weed). The fallow control group (C1) was overtaken by thistles.
P3

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Experiment setup · Another intervention group
(C3) grow mixture of native flora and mix in 20 years recovered soil. This intervention group is meant to test whether microorganisms in the soil would have beneficial effects.
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Results · Intervention works
Flora grew better on the enriched plots.
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Conclusion · Microorganisms in the soil are important for restoring natural flora
Researchers conclude (hypothesize with supporting evidence) that over farmed land contain too many disease organisms and too few beneficial organisms.
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Solution · Sow beneficial microorganisms into soil
Passage Style
Problem-analysis
Single position
Show answer
21.

Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████████ ██ ███ ████████

a

A study is ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ████████████ ███ ███ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ ██ ████████████ ███ ██████████

The passage doesn’t start by describing a study.

2%
b

A hypothesis is ██████████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ███ ███████████ ███ ██████████ ██ ██████ ███ █ ████████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ██████ ████

The passage doesn’t start by describing a hypothesis. It starts by describing a problem. There’s also no modification of a hypothesis at the end.

2%
c

A study is ██████████ █ ████ ██ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ ██ ██████████ ███ ███████████ ███ █████ ██████████ ███ ██████ █████████████ ██ ███ █████

The passage doesn’t start by evaluating a study. It starts by describing a problem.

4%
d

A goal is ███████ ███████ ███ █████████ ████ █████ ███ █████████ ███ ██████ ███████████ ███ █ ███████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████ █████

The passage doesn’t involve a modification to a goal. It also doesn’t end by detailing a methodology. It ends by describing a potential solution.

7%
e

A problem is ██████████ █ █████ ██████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███ █ ██████ ██ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ ██ ██████

This is the best answer. A problem is presented in P1 (problems from agricultural overproduction), a study addressing the problem is described (P2 and the beginning of P3), and a course of action based on the study is given (the last sentence providing a potential solution for agricultural overproduction harming land).

85%

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