Some seemingly advantageous traits may ultimately have negative consequences in certain environments.
A
A trait that helps attract mates is sometimes more dangerous to one sex than to another.
B
Those organisms that are most attractive to the opposite sex have the greatest number of offspring.
C
Those organisms that survive the longest have the greatest number of offspring.
D
Whether a trait is harmful to the organisms of a species can depend on which sex possesses it.
E
A trait that is helpful to procreation can also hinder it in certain environments.
Some advertisers prefer to run their ads on stations with viewers who watch 24-hour news, sports, or movies.
Some advertisers prefer to run their ads on a station with lower advertising rates.
Some advertisers prefer to run their ads on a station that has expanded worldwide.
Note: We’re seeking the answer choice that is not supported.
A
Some broadcast networks can be viewed in several countries.
B
Broadcast networks do not rely on subscriber fees from viewers.
C
Low costs are often an important factor for advertisers in selecting a station or network on which to run a TV ad.
D
Some advertisers prefer to have the opportunity to address a worldwide audience.
E
The audiences that some advertisers prefer to target watch 24-hour news stations.
Many scholars are puzzled about who created the seventeenth-century abridgment of Shakespeare’s Hamlet contained in the First Quarto. Two facts about the work shed light on this question. First, the person who undertook the abridgment clearly did not possess a copy of Hamlet. Second, the abridgment contains a very accurate rendering of the speeches of one of the characters, but a slipshod handling of all the other parts.
Summary
Some scholars are questioning who created the seventeenth-century abridgment of Hamlet. The person who undertook the abridgment did not possess a copy of Hamlet. The abridgment accurately renders the speeches of only one of the characters, and a poor rendering of all other parts.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
The abridgment was likely produced by an actor that played a single character’s role in Hamlet.
A
The abridgment was prepared by Shakespeare.
The facts we’re given about the abridgment do not support the idea that it was produced by Shakespeare.
B
The abridgment was created to make Hamlet easier to produce on stage.
We don’t know why the abridgment was created. The question the scholars are attempting to answer is who created the abridgment.
C
The abridgment was produced by an actor who had played a role in Hamlet.
If the facts about the abridgment are true, it fits that the abridgment was produced by an actor. An actor is likely to both not have a full copy of the play and only accurate memory of one of the character’s roles.
D
The abridgement was prepared by a spectator of a performance of Hamlet.
A spectator is unlikely to have produced an accurate rendering of one of the character’s speeches.
E
The abridgment was produced by an actor who was trying to improve the play.
Hamlet would not be improved by having an accurate rendering of one of the character’s roles and a poor rendering of all of the other character’s roles.
Musicologist: Many critics complain of the disproportion between text and music in Handel’s da capo arias. These texts are generally quite short and often repeated well beyond what is needed for literal understanding. Yet such criticism is refuted by noting that repetition serves a vital function: it frees the audience to focus on the music itself, which can speak to audiences whatever their language.
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The musicologist argues that critics’ disapproval of the imbalance between the short, repetitive texts and the music in Handel's da capo arias can be refuted. This is because the critics overlook the important role of repetition. Repetition allows the audience to concentrate on the music, which can communicate universally, regardless of language.
Identify Conclusion
The conclusion is the musicologist’s claim that the critics’ criticism of the imbalance between the short, repetitive texts and the music in Handel’s da capo arias can be refuted: “such criticism is refuted”.
A
Handel’s da capo arias contain a disproportionate amount of music.
This is context. It provides background on a common criticism of Handel’s da capo arias.
B
Handel’s da capo arias are superior to most in their accessibility to diverse audiences.
The musicologist does not make this claim. While the nature of the repetition allows it to speak to audiences regardless of language, the musicologist does not compare this ability to other music.
C
At least one frequent criticism of Handel’s da capo arias is undeserved.
This is the main point of the musicologist’s reasoning, which is that while many critics complain of the imbalance between the text and music in Handel’s da capo arias, this criticism can be refuted. In other words, it is undeserved.
D
At least some of Handel’s da capo arias contain unnecessary repetitions.
The musicologist does not claim the repetitions are unnecessary. The musicologist instead claims the repetitions serve a vital function.
E
Most criticism of Handel’s da capo arias is unwarranted.
This is not the musicologist’s conclusion. The conclusion is that one specific criticism of Handel’s da capo arias can be refuted, not that most criticisms can be.