"Surprising" Phenomenon
Why is the chameleon’s tongue extension speed largely unaffected by temperature drops while the weakened muscle power resulting from such drops dramatically slows the chameleon’s tongue retraction speed?
Objective
The right answer will describe a key difference between chameleon tongue retraction and chameleon tongue extension. That difference must explain why tongue retraction speeds decrease dramatically in lower temperatures while tongue extension speeds remain largely unchanged. The answer will likely explain why tongue extension is less impacted than retraction by the muscle weakening chameleons experience in lower temperatures.
A
Most cold-blooded animals are much more active in warmer weather than in cooler weather.
This doesn’t help us. We need information about a difference between chameleon tongue extension and chameleon tongue retraction. It doesn’t matter how active most cold-blooded animals are in different weather.
B
Many cold-blooded animals, including the veiled chameleon, have tongues that can extend quite a distance.
This doesn’t help us. We need information about a difference between chameleon tongue extension and chameleon tongue retraction. The distance the tongues extend doesn’t matter.
C
Veiled chameleons are found in a wide range of habitats, including ones with wide variations in temperature and ones with moderate climates.
This doesn’t help us. It doesn’t matter which climates chameleons live in; we only care about a difference that emerges in low temperatures, whether or not chameleons are often found in various habitats.
D
In the veiled chameleon, tongue retraction is powered by muscles, whereas tongue extension is driven by energy stored in a rubber band-like sheath.
This explains why chameleon tongue extension is considerably less impacted than tongue retraction by temperature drops. The muscle weakening chameleons experience in cold temperatures affects tongue retraction but not extension, because extension is not powered by muscles.
E
Compared with the muscles in the tongues of most cold-blooded animals, the retraction muscles in the veiled chameleon’s tongue are considerably stronger.
This doesn’t help us. We need information about a difference between chameleon tongue extension and chameleon tongue retraction, not a difference between the chameleon’s tongue muscles and other cold-blooded animals’ tongue muscles.
Summary
Some advertisers offer free home computers to certain consumers. Ads play continuously on these screens. Information about consumers’ browsing patterns is sent to advertisers, allowing them to transmit information that fits the consumers’ interests. Advertisers can afford to offer these free computers because of the increased sales generated by precise targeting of ads.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Many consumers who use the free computers purchase products advertised to them on their computers.
A
At least some consumers who use a computer offered free of charge by advertisers for browsing the Internet spend more money on purchases from those advertisers than they would if they did not use such a computer to browse the Internet.
This is strongly supported because we know that the ads are tailored to those consumers and we know that the computers generate additional revenue from sales that offsets the cost of the computer.
B
No advertisers could offer promotions that give away computers free of charge if consumers never used those computers to browse the Internet.
This is unsupported because there may be other schemes advertisers could use to figure out consumers’ interests outside of internet browsing patterns.
C
There are at least some consumers who browse the Internet using computers offered free of charge by the advertisers and who, if they did not use those computers to browse the Internet, would spend little if any money on purchases from those advertisers.
This is unsupported because it could be true that some of the consumers would have spent a lot of money on advertised products whether or not they had the free computers.
D
The advertisers would not be able to offer the computers absolutely free of charge if advertisements that accurately reflected the interests of the computers’ users did not play continuously across the computers’ screens whenever they were in use.
This is unsupported because it could be true that the advertisers would be able to offer the computers free of charge even if the ads played most of the time, but not continuously, across the screens when in use.
E
Consumers who use a computer offered free of charge by the advertisers can sometimes choose to abstain from having information about their browsing patterns sent to the advertisers.
This is anti-supported because is implied that the reason the computers are free is because they serve as a way for advertisers to collect information from browsing habits to send tailored ads to consumers.