Doesn't trigger the rule. If inequalities in income and wealth are tolerated, as they are here, then they must be attached to jobs that are open to everyone, not just most people. So we can't conclude that society S is just.

Doesn’t trigger the rule. The second condition for a just society states that wealth and income inequalities can be acceptable—they just need to be to everyone’s advantage and attached to jobs open to all. (B) still allows for that possibility, so we can’t say for sure that society S is not just.

Doesn’t trigger the rule. This ignores the first necessary condition for a just society: everyone must have an equal right to basic liberties. Without knowing this, we can’t conclude that society S is just.

Society S fails one of the necessary conditions for a just society: everyone must have an equal right to basic liberties. Therefore, (D) correctly concludes that society S is not just.

Doesn’t trigger the rule. This satisfies the first condition for a just society but not the second. When there is an inequality in income and wealth, those inequalities must be to everyone’s advantage. (E) is silent on this, so we can’t conclude that society S is just.