PrepTest 101 - Section 4 - Passage 2 - Question 9

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Many Native Americans view the archaeological excavation and museum display of ancestral skeletal remains and items buried with them as a spiritual desecration. ███

NA perspective / problem · Digging up ancestral remains and items buried with them is offensive

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Potential solution · Legal remedies can prohibit or regulate digging up remains/items, as long as NA can establish standing

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Three bases of standing · These categories of plaintiffs traditionally have standing

(1) deceased's heirs, (2) owner of the property on which grave is located, (3) parties with clear interest in preservation of a particular grave. For the last category, graves that are recent and associated with identifiable NA communities are likely to support standing. But graves that are old and not associated with a nearby NA community are less likely to support standing.

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When there is standing · Common law can allow NA to bring claims against archaelogists and museums

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Details of common law protection · Property law can establish NA claims to dug up artifacts

In one case, the court ruled that the common law doctrine of abandonment does not apply to objects buried with deceased people. This suggests artifacts from NA ancestral graves should be returned to the tribal groups that can establish standing.

Individual vs. Communal Property · Museums can't assume valid title to an artifact simply because they purchased it from an individual NA

An individual NA doesn't have title to artifacts that are communal property.

Passage Style

Problem-analysis

Single position

The primary purpose of the ███████ ██ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████

How should the █████ ██████████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██████ ███████ ██ █████████

The author doesn’t express any opinion about how legal protections should be changed.

What characteristics of ██████ ████████ ██████ ███████ ███████ █████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ ████

This is too narrow for the purpose of the passage. Although the author does indicate certain features that increase the chances for protection in P1, the rest of the passage isn’t related to the features of a burial ground. Rather, P2 and P3 explore the protection afforded by property law.

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This best captures the primary purpose. All three paragraphs explore answers to this question.

78%

Why are the ██████ █████████ ████ ██████████ ██████ ████████ ██████ ███████ ████ ████████████

The passage doesn’t discuss the courts’ motives in protecting Native American burial grounds. In any case, even if the passage did, (D) is too narrow to capture the overall purpose.

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This isn’t answered. The passage does explore how Native Americans can establish standing to protect certain graves, but this isn’t the same as establishing rights to land on which those graves are located.

11%

PrepTest 101 - Section 4 - Passage 2 - Question 9

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