PT103.S2.Q8 > Question

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PASSAGE 1

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PASSAGE 2

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PASSAGE 3

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The welfare state cannot be successfully implemented. Why not? It requires something that is not occurring, i.e. it requires human beings to be unselfish. This is supported with claims about human nature that are intended to prove that humans are innately self-serving.

The conclusion is the author’s assertion that the welfare state won’t work: “The welfare state cannot be successfully implemented.”

This accurately paraphrases the conclusion. Everything else in the argument supports the claim that the welfare state “cannot be successfully implemented,” meaning that it won’t work.

There is no judgment on fairness. According to the author, people may not want to help, but fairness is never mentioned.

This is a sub-conclusion or major premise in the argument, not the main conclusion. This claim is supported by the statement that “people innately seek their own well-being”, but this claim also supports the main conclusion that the welfare state isn’t viable.

This is an assumption linking two premises: that wage-earners’ income is “used to help others in greater need,” and that people default to self-serving behavior when their interest is threatened. Helping others doesn’t necessarily threaten the helper, but the author has assumed that.

The welfare system relies on wage earners to be unselfish; we can’t assume that unselfishness and generosity are the same thing. Also, this reliance on unselfishness is part of the support, not the main conclusion.

PrepTest 103 - Section 2 - Question 8

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