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passage 2
P1
Many of us can conceive of penalties that seem disproportionate to the crimes they are intended to punish. ███
Intro Topic ·
Concept of punishment that fits the crime
Examples ·
of disproportionate punishment
Probation for murder is too light and long prison sentence for shoplifting is too severe.
Question ·
Where do our intuitions about the appropriateness of punishments come from?
P2
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Potential Answer ·
Two rationales for punishment
First Rationale ·
Social-benefit
Punishment is justified because society benefits from deterring would be criminals.
Second (Controversial) Rationale ·
Retribution
Punishment is not justified by benefit to society. Instead, punishment is justified by the severity of the crime; what is appropriate or just.
P3
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Problem ·
with social-benefit rationale
The societal benefit of deterrence can sometimes justify punishments that intuitively feel too severe. Example of shoplifter punishment.
Solution ·
retribution is the better rationale
The concept of appropriateness (absent in social-benefit rationale) is what accounts for the intuition of proportionality in punishment. It's not about beneficial punishment. It's about just punishment.
P4
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Critique of and Alternate Solution ·
Intuition can be justified with social-benefit rationale
The retributivist notions of appropriateness, proportionality, and justice can be reframed as balancing benefit to society against cost to the individual.
Actual Answer / Main Point ·
The retributivist intuitions are grounded in social-benefit rationale
Passage Style
Single position
13.
As expressed in the passage, ███ ████████ ████████ ██████ ████ █████ █████████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ████ ██████████ █████████ ██
a
reluctant approval of ███ ██████████ ████ █████ ███████ █████
b
mild skepticism that ████ ██████████ ███████ ███████
c
detached indifference toward █████ ███████ ██ █████████
d
scholarly neutrality on ███████ ████ ███ █████████
e
implicit disapproval of █████ █████ █████████