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passage 2
P1
Many of us can conceive of penalties that seem disproportionate to the crimes they are intended to punish. ███
Intro Topic ·
Concept of punishment that fits the crime
Examples ·
of disproportionate punishment
Probation for murder is too light and long prison sentence for shoplifting is too severe.
Question ·
Where do our intuitions about the appropriateness of punishments come from?
P2
█████ ███ ███ ████ ██████████ ███ █████████ ██████████ ███
Potential Answer ·
Two rationales for punishment
First Rationale ·
Social-benefit
Punishment is justified because society benefits from deterring would be criminals.
Second (Controversial) Rationale ·
Retribution
Punishment is not justified by benefit to society. Instead, punishment is justified by the severity of the crime; what is appropriate or just.
P3
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Problem ·
with social-benefit rationale
The societal benefit of deterrence can sometimes justify punishments that intuitively feel too severe. Example of shoplifter punishment.
Solution ·
retribution is the better rationale
The concept of appropriateness (absent in social-benefit rationale) is what accounts for the intuition of proportionality in punishment. It's not about beneficial punishment. It's about just punishment.
P4
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Critique of and Alternate Solution ·
Intuition can be justified with social-benefit rationale
The retributivist notions of appropriateness, proportionality, and justice can be reframed as balancing benefit to society against cost to the individual.
Actual Answer / Main Point ·
The retributivist intuitions are grounded in social-benefit rationale
Passage Style
Single position
8.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ ██████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████
a
Of the two ████ ██████████ ███ ██████████ █████████ ██████████ ███ █████████████ █████████ ███ ██ █████ ██ ██ ████ ████████████ █████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████ ██ ███████████ ███ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ██████████ █████ ███████ ███ ██████████
b
Although social benefit ███████ ██ ██ █ ██████████ █████████ ███ █████████ ██████████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ █████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ████████ █████ ███ ██████████ ███ ██████ ███ ███ ███████████ █████████████ ██████████
c
Because the retributivist █████████ ███ █████████ █████████ ██████ ███ ███████████████ ███████ ███████████ ███ ███████ ██ ██ ████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████████ ████ ███████ █████████ ███ ████████████████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ █ ███ ████ ███ ██████████████ █████████ ███████
d
Because the rationale ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ███████ ██ ██ ████ ████ ████████████ ██████████ ██ █ ████████ ███ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ██ ████████ █ ██████ ███████ ████ █████████ ███ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ███ █████████
e
Although it appears ██████ ████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████████ █████ ████ ███ ██████ ██████████ ████ ███ ██████████████ ██████████ ███ █████████ ████ ███████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ██████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ████████