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It is well known that many species adapt to their environment, but it is usually assumed that only the most highly evolved species alter their environment in ways that aid their own survival. ████████ ████ ██████████████ ██ ████████ █████ ███████ ███████ ███████ ██ █████████ ███ ████████ ████████ █ ███ ████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████ █████████ ██ ████████ █████ █████████ █████ █████ █████ ██ █████████ ████ ███████ ███████ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ████ ███ █████ ███████ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ████ █████ █████ █████ ████ ████████ ██ ██████████ ███ ██ ███ █████ ███████ ████ █████ ████ ████████ █████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ██ ██████ ███ ████ ████████ ███ █████████
Summarize Argument: Counter-Position
The author considers the general principle that only highly evolved species alter the environment to aid their survival and concludes this characteristic is common. As evidence, the author provides an example of some species of plankton. Plankton generate a gas that is converted into particles of sulfate, which causes water vapor to condense and form clouds. More cloud cover causes more sunlight to be reflected so the Earth absorbs less heat. Therefore, these plankton cause the surface of the Earth to be cooler for their benefit.
Describe Method of Reasoning
The author counters a position held by others. She offers a counter example to illustrate that the general principle believed by others is incorrect. If some species of plankton are able to alter the environment for their benefit, then it cannot be true that only highly evolved species have this characteristic.
12.
Which one of the following ██████████ █████████ ███ █████████████ ████████ █████████
a
A general principle ██ ████ ██ ███████ █ █████ ████ █████ █ ██████████ ████ ██ █████ ████ █████████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ██████
b
An explanation of ███ █ █████████████ ██████████ █████ ████ ████ █████ ██ █████ ██ █████ ██ ███████ ███ █████ ████ ████ ██████████ ███ ██ ████ ████ ██████
c
A generalization about ███ ██████████ █████ █████ █ ███████ ███████ ███ █████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ██ ███████████ ██ ███████ █████ ██ █████ ████ ███████ ███ ██████
d
A counterexample to █ ████████ █████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ██ ████ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ██████████
e
A detailed example ██ ████ ██ ██████████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ ████ ████████