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Each of two drugs, S and T, greatly reduces the effects of potentially fatal heart attacks if given as soon as possible after the attack begins, but Support a trial has shown that use of drug T instead of drug S would prevent death in one additional case out of 120. ████ ██ ████████ █████ ██████ ████ ███ █████████ ████ ████ ██ █████████ ███████ ██ █████████ ████ █ █████ ██████ █████████ ███████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ███ ████████ ██ █████ ████ ██ ███ ████ █ ██ █████ ██ ████ ███ ██████████ ████████
Summary
The author concludes that society is presented with a decision about whether or not to pay “the $240,000 it would cost to use drug T in order to save one additional patient.”
This is based on the following:
Both S and T are drugs that greatly reduce the chances of death following a heart attack if they are given as soon as possible after the heart attack begins. Trials have shown that using T instead of S would prevent 1 more additional case of death out of 120 uses. But T is costs $2,000 more per treatment than S.
Notable Assumptions
Where does the author get the $240,000 figure in her conclusion? She must be thinking that the $2,000 excess cost of using T over S would be multiplied 120 times. She’s thinking that in order to get the extra 1 death prevented per 120 cases, we’d have to use drug T in all of those 120 cases. But that assumes we can’t identify ahead of time which cases in which to use drug T, and which cases in which to use drug S.
15.
Which one of the following ██ ██ ██████████ ██ █████ ███ ████████ ███████
a
Drug S has ███████ ████ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ██
b
Drug T is ████ █████ ████ ████ ██ ███ ███ ███ ██████ ███████████ ██████
c
After a heart ███████ ████ █ ███████ ██████████ █████████ ██ █████ ██ █ ████ ██ █████ ████ █ ██ ██ ██████ ██████████
d
There is no ██████ ██████████ ███ ██████████ ███████████ ███ ██ ███████ ███ ███ ██████████ ████ ███████ ████ █ ████ ██ ██ █████████ ██ ████ ██
e
Drug T works █████████████ ██████ ████ ████ ██