Self-study
P1
Thurgood Marshall's litigation of Brown v. Board of Education in 1952—the landmark case, decided in 1954, that made segregation illegal in United States public schools—was not his first case before the U.S. Supreme Court. ████ █████ ████████ █████ ████ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ███ ███████ █████ ██████ ███ ██████████ ████████ ███ █████████████ ██ ██████ ███████ ████ █████████ ███████████ ██ ████ █████ ███████████ █████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██ ██████████████ ███████ ███████ █████████ ████ █████ ███ ███ ███ ███████ ██ ██████
Legal scholars' perspective ·
Thurgood Marshall succeeded in Brown v. Board because of past litigation
Marshall had other cases in Supreme Court prior to Brown v. Board (which made segregation illegal in public schools).
P2
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Historical context ·
NAACP was divided on how to attack doctrine of "separate but equal"
One potential approach ·
Argue that facilities were not in fact equal
Goal fo this approach was improving opportunity for African Americans and improving facilities themselves.
Second potential approach ·
Argue that "separate but equal" was self-contradictory
Marshall's strategy ·
Second approach is correct, but need to try first approach first to prepare courts to accept second
P3
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Application of Marshall's strategy ·
Evolved way to go from individual instances of inequality to broader social argument
Shelley v. Kraemer ·
Marshall used sociological data to show that individual transactions constitute pattern of discrimination
Connection between Shelley and Brown ·
Use of sociological data in Shelley helped court to accept same kind of data in Brown
Passage Style
Single position
Spotlight
7.
It can most reasonably be ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ████ ██████████ █████ ████████ ███ █████████ ███ █████████ ███ ██████ ████████
a
sought to answer ███████ ██████ ███ █████
Not supported, because we’re never told that Marshall’s strategy was motivated in any way to respond to critics in the NAACP. He may have disagreed with some of them about strategy, but this doesn’t imply that his approach was an attempt to respond to those critics.
b
suggested Marshall thought ███ █████ █████ █████ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ █ ███████████ ████████
Anti-supported, because Marshall actually beleived that
c
satisfied the requirement ████ █████ █████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ █████
Not supported, because we’re never told that there is a legal requirement that cases first be argued in a lower court. In addition, nothing in P2 discusses Marshall’s legal strategy in relation to lower vs. higher courts.
d
presumed that the █████ █████ ████ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ ████████ ███ █████████ ███ ██████ ████████
e
reflected Marshall's preference ██ ████ █████████ █████
Not supported, because the author never suggests that Marshall preferred to seek practical goals. His choice to start with arguing that facilities were in fact unequal was motivated by his belief that the court needed to be prepared to accept the theoretical argument.