PrepTest 115 - Section 1 - Passage 2 - Question 7

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Thurgood Marshall's litigation of . █████ ██ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████████ ████████ █████ ███████ ██ █████ ████ ████ ███████████ ███████ ██ ██████ ██████ ██████ █████████████ ███ ███ █████ ████ ██████ ███ ████ ███████ ██████ ████ █████ ████████ █████ ████ ███ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ █████ ██ ███ ███████ █████ ██████ ███ ██████████ ████████ ███ █████████████ ██ ██████ ███████ ████ █████████ ███████████ ██ ████ █████ ███████████ █████ ██ █████ ██████████ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██ ██████████████ ███████ ███████ █████████ ████ █████ ███ ███ ███ ███████ ██ ██████

Legal scholars' perspective · Thurgood Marshall succeeded in Brown v. Board because of past litigation

Marshall had other cases in Supreme Court prior to Brown v. Board (which made segregation illegal in public schools).

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Historical context · NAACP was divided on how to attack doctrine of "separate but equal"

One potential approach · Argue that facilities were not in fact equal

Goal fo this approach was improving opportunity for African Americans and improving facilities themselves.

Second potential approach · Argue that "separate but equal" was self-contradictory

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Marshall's strategy · Second approach is correct, but need to try first approach first to prepare courts to accept second

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Application of Marshall's strategy · Evolved way to go from individual instances of inequality to broader social argument

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Shelley v. Kraemer · Marshall used sociological data to show that individual transactions constitute pattern of discrimination

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Connection between Shelley and Brown · Use of sociological data in Shelley helped court to accept same kind of data in Brown

Passage Style

Single position

Spotlight

It can most reasonably be ████████ ████ ███ ███████ ████ ██████████ █████ ████████ ███ █████████ ███ █████████ ███ ██████ ████████

Question Type

Implied

Marshall’s legal strategy for attacking “separate but equal” is described in P2. He wanted to start by arguing that facilities were not in fact equal, and then afterward make the more theoretical argument that “separate but equal” was self-contradictory.

sought to answer ███████ ██████ ███ █████

Not supported, because we’re never told that Marshall’s strategy was motivated in any way to respond to critics in the NAACP. He may have disagreed with some of them about strategy, but this doesn’t imply that his approach was an attempt to respond to those critics.

suggested Marshall thought ███ █████ █████ █████ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ █ ███████████ ████████

Anti-supported, because Marshall actually beleived that the theoretical argument would eventually be the one that repealed “separate but equal.”

satisfied the requirement ████ █████ █████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ █████

Not supported, because we’re never told that there is a legal requirement that cases first be argued in a lower court. In addition, nothing in P2 discusses Marshall’s legal strategy in relation to lower vs. higher courts.

presumed that the █████ █████ ████ █████████ ██ █████████ ██ ████████ ███ █████████ ███ ██████ ████████

Supported, because Marshall thought the NAACP had to start by arguing that facilities were in fact unequal to help prepare the courts to overturn “separate but equal” on theoretical grounds.”

93%

reflected Marshall's preference ██ ████ █████████ █████

Not supported, because the author never suggests that Marshall preferred to seek practical goals. His choice to start with arguing that facilities were in fact unequal was motivated by his belief that the court needed to be prepared to accept the theoretical argument.

PrepTest 115 - Section 1 - Passage 2 - Question 7

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