Conclusion There is no genuinely altruistic behavior. ββββββββ βββββ ββ ββββ β ββββββββββ ββββββ ββ ββββββββββββ βββββ βββββββββ βββββββ ββ βββββββββ βββββββ ββ ββ ββββββ βββ βββββββ ββββββββ ββββ βββββββ ββ ββ ββββββββββ βββ ββ ββββββββββ ββ βββββ βββββββββ ββ βββ ββββββ ββ βββββββββ ββββ βββββββ β βββββββ βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββ
The author concludes that there is no such thing as genuinely altruistic behavior. This is because behavior that seems altruistic can also be interpreted as being selfish.
The mere fact that behavior can be interpreted as selfish doesn't prove that the behavior is in fact selfish. The behavior could actually be altruistic and completely unselfish, even if someone might interpret the behavior as selfish.
Analysis by Kevin_Lin
A flaw in the argument ββ ββββ ββ
presupposes that anyone βββ ββ ββββββ βββ ββ βββββββββββββ ββ βββββ ββββββββββ
illicitly infers that ββββββββ ββ ββββββββββ ββββββ βββββββ ββ βββββ ββββββββββ
fails to consider ββββ βββββββββββ ββββ βββββββ ββ βββββββββββ ββ βββββββββ ββ βββββ βββ βββββ
presumes, without providing ββββββββββββββ ββββ ββ βββ ββββ βββ ββββ βββββββ ββ ββββββββββ βββββββββββ βββ ββββββ ββ ββββββ ββ ββββββ
takes for granted ββββ βββ ββββββββ ββββ βββ ββ βββββββββββ ββ βββββββββββββββ ββ ββ ββββ βββββββββββββββ