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PT117.S4.Q22

SECTION 1 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7

PASSAGE 2
Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14

PASSAGE 3
Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20

PASSAGE 4
Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 3 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 4 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

PrepTest 117 - Section 4 - Question 22

Question

Explanation

Analytics

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Trainer: Support Research shows that when dogs are neutered in early puppyhood, their leg bones usually do not develop properly. ████████ ████ ███████████ █████ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ████ █████████ ██ ████ ████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ████ ███ ████ █████████ ███ ██████ ███ ██████ ████ ███ █████ ██ ██ ███████████

Summarize Argument

The author concludes that if you want to protect your dog from arthritis, you should not neuter your dog until it is full-grown. This is based on the fact that when dogs are neutered in early puppyhood, their leg bones don’t develop properly, and improper bone development can lead to arthritis problems in dogs as they get older.

Identify and Describe Flaw

The author’s premises establish that neutering during early puppyhood can lead to arthritis problems. But the author never establishes that neutering during later times during puppyhood, before the dog is full-grown, can lead to arthritis problems. The author assumes a false dichotomy between early puppyhood and full-grown.

Analysis by Kevin_Lin

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22.

Of the following, which one ██ █ █████████ ██ █████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████████ ██ ████ ███████████

It fails to █████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ██ ████ ████████ ██ █████ █████████ ██████████ ████████ ████ ████████████

The argument does not need to state the exact percentage. We accept as a premise that neutering in early puppyhood usually leads to improper leg bone development, and that this leads to arthritis problems.

It fails to ███████ ███ ██████████ ███████ ████████ ████ ███████████ ███ ██████████

The argument does not need to explain the connection. We accept as a premise that improper bone development leads to problems with arthritis. The exact causal mechanism does not need to be explained in order for us to accept this premise.

It fails to ███████ ███ ███████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████ ██ ████ ██████████

The author fails to show that neutering in middle or late puppyhood would lead to arthritis problems. Thus, the author hasn’t proven that we should wait until a dog is full-grown in order to neuter if we want to protect a dog from arthritis.

It fails to ████████ ███ ███████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██ █████████ █ ███ █████ █████ ████████ ███ ████ ██ ██████████

The author does not conclude that we should not neuter a dog early. The conclusion is conditioned on our desiring to protect a dog from arthritis. If we don’t find that to be important, then the author doesn’t express a view on whether we should neuter in early puppyhood.

It fails to ████████ ███ ███████████ ████ ████ ████ ████████ █████████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████████

The author never assumes that dogs with proper bone development never get arthritis. The author believes a dog will be less likely to get arthritis if it’s not neutered early, but that doesn’t mean the author believes it’s impossible for such a dog to get arthritis.

Difficulty

Question

46% of people who answer get this correct

This is a very difficult question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 154

164

75% 174

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Flaw or descriptive weakening

Stems that ask us to articulate a flaw in the stimulus' argument, either in abstract terms or by pointing out a weakness.

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Stimulus Tags

Causal reasoning

Stimuli that feature the logic of causation (e.g. phenomenon-hypothesis, causal chain, experiments).

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Eliminating options

Stimuli that reason by laying out a set of options, ruling some of those options out, then concluding we must choose the remaining option(s).

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False dichotomy

Arguments that split the world up into two (or more) mutually exclusive, jointly exhaustive options, when in fact there may be additional available options, or the options given do not actually exclude one another.

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Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

156

46%

165

21%

159

26%

160

Question history

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