Self-study
Researcher: We studied two groups of subjects over a period of six months. ████ ████ ███████ ███ ██ ███ ██████ ███ █ █████ ███████ ██ █████████ █████████ ███ █████ ██████ ███ ███████ ██████ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ██ ████████ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ███ ██ ███████ ████ ██████████ ██ █████ ████ ███ ███ ███████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████████ █████ ██ █████ ████ ███████████ ████████ █████ █████ ████████ ███ ████ █████ ████ ███████ ██████ ██████
Summary
Over six months, two groups were studied. One group exercised in the afternoon every day. The other group had little or no exercise. The people in the group that exercised were found to have 33 percent more deep-sleep compared to the group that had little or no exercise. Researchers hypothesize this is because afternoon exercise raises the body temperature slightly until after bedtime, which induces deeper sleep.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Other activities that raise a person’s body temperature slightly before bedtime may cause that person to have increased levels of deep-sleep.
12.
The researcher's statements, if true, ████ ████████ ███████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
Regular afternoon exercise ██ ███ ██ ███ ██████ ████████ ███ ████████ ███████████
This answer is unsupported. Saying that regular afternoon exercise is “required” for adequate deep-sleep is too strong. We only know from the stimulus that afternoon exercise can increase deep-sleep.
b
Exercise in the ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ██████████ ███████ ██ █████ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████
This answer is unsupported. The Researcher’s study is limited to exercise performed in the afternoon. We don’t know from these results what effects morning exercise could cause, if any.
c
The best way ██ ███ █████████ ██████████ ██ ██ ██████ █ ██████ ████████ ██ ████ ███████████ ████ ██████ ████████
This answer is unsupported. We don’t know from the stimulus whether a slight increase in a person’s body temperature is the “best way” to get increased deep-sleep. There could exist many other methods for this same effect.
d
No one in ███ ███████ █████ ███████████ █ ████ ██ ████ ███████████ ████ ██████ ████████
This answer is unsupported. It could be true that one or two people in the control group experienced a rise in body temperature, but that doesn’t change the 33 percent increase in deep sleep for the group that exercised.
e
Raising body temperature ████████ ██ ██████ █ ████ ████ ████ ██████ ███████ ████ ██████ ██████ ██ █████████ ███████████
This answer is strongly supported. The Researcher hypothesizes that the rise in body temperature is the cause of increased deep-sleep for the people in the study. Exercise is one method for achieving this effect, but there are likely to be others.