Wrong flaw. The argument in (A) errs because the premise discusses the intelligence of people who reside in medium-sized towns and then the conclusion states that Monica isn’t as smart as Maureen because Monica wasn’t born in the medium-sized town they live in. The premise wasn’t about being born in a medium-sized town, just about living in one. However, (A) doesn’t commit the “whole-to-part” flaw like the stimulus.

The argument starts with an analysis of the overall difficulty of two majors (philosophy and engineering being the hardest majors). It then moves to a conclusion about the difficulty of classes within those majors (intro philosophy classes and intro engineering classes). This commits the same whole-to-part flaw as the stimulus because the difficulty of a major doesn’t tell us about the difficulty of specific classes within that major.

Wrong flaw. This argues that because one type of car at the Lawson Automobile company (the racing cars) is good, another type that uses similar parts (the passenger cars) must be good. The stimulus, meanwhile, talks about the fairness of a system (the court system) and then erroneously moves to a conclusion about the fairness of a part of that system (the highest court).

Wrong flaw. (D) erroneously argues that because one type of cat (domestic cats) is related to another type of cat (tigers), the two types of cats’ eating habits must be almost the same. The stimulus, meanwhile, talks about the fairness of a system (the court system) and then erroneously moves to a conclusion about the fairness of a part of that system (the highest court).

Wrong flaw. (E) erroneously argues that because some suits (those of questionable merit) are more likely to be thrown out in the first district rather than the second, the lawyers will bring their suit to the second district. However, the lawyers may bring their suit to the first district for different reasons. The stimulus, meanwhile, talks about the fairness of a system (the court system) and then erroneously moves to a conclusion about the fairness of a part of that system (the highest court).